In this paper we consider the incorporation of various equations of state into the single-component multiphase lattice Boltzmann model. Several cubic equations of state, including the van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, and Peng-Robinson, as well as a noncubic equation of state (Carnahan-Starling), are incorporated into the lattice Boltzmann model. The details of phase separation in these nonideal single-component systems are presented by comparing the numerical simulation results in terms of density ratios, spurious currents, and temperature ranges. A comparison with a real fluid system, i.e., the properties of saturated water and steam, is also presented.

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Abstract. Permutation polynomials have been a subject of study for a long time and have applications in many areas of science and engineering. However, only a small number of specific classes of permutation polynomials are described in the literature so far. In this paper we present a number of permutation trinomials over finite fields, which are of different forms.Key words. Cryptography, difference set, linear code, permutation polynomial, trinomial AMS subject classifications. 11C08, 05A051. Introduction. A permutation polynomial f (x) over a finite field is a polynomial that acts as a permutation of the elements of the field, i.e. the map x → f (x) is one-to-one. Permutation polynomials are closely related to highly nonlinear functions [13,14] and other areas of mathematics. They have applications in combinatorial designs [13,14], coding theory [8,21,31] and cryptography [28,29,30]. For instance, Dickson permutation polynomials of order five, i.e., D 5 (x, a) = x 5 + ax 3 − a 2 x over F 3 m , led to a 70-year research breakthrough in combinatorics [13], gave a family of perfect nonlinear functions for cryptography [13], generated good linear codes [5] for data communication and storage, and produced optimal signal sets for CDMA communications [12], to mention only a few applications of these Dickson permutation polynomials. Information about properties, constructions, and applications of permutation polynomials can be found in Cohen [7], Lidl and Niederreiter [24], and Mullen [26]. Some recent progress on permutation polynomials can be found in [1,4,18,20,22,23,27,32,33,34,35,36].Permutation polynomials with fewer terms over finite fields with even characteristics are in particular interesting. For example, in the study of Almost perfect nonlinear (APN) mappings which are of interest for their applications in cryptography, Dobbertin first proved a well-known conjecture of Welch stating that for odd n = 2m + 1, the power function x 2m+3 is even maximally nonlinear [15] or, in other terms, that the crosscorrelation function between a binary maximum-length linear shift register sequence of degree n and a decimation of that sequence by 2m + 3 takes on precisely the three values −1, −1 ± 2 m+1 . The method in fact relies on the discovery of a class of permutation trinomials. Around the same time period, Dobbertin proved Niho's conjecture similarly using a class of permutation pentanomials [16]. Another example of demonstrating the application of permutation polynomials with fewer terms in constructing cyclic codes can be found in [10]. We note that these interesting

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Let G be a cyclic group of order n 2 and S = g 1 · · · · · g k a sequence over G. We say that S is a zero-sum sequence if k i=1 g i = 0 and that S is a minimal zero-sum sequence if S is a zero-sum sequence and S contains no proper zero-sum sequence.The notion of the index of a minimal zero-sum sequence (see Definition 1.1) in G has been recently addressed in the mathematical literature. Let l(G) be the smallest integer t ∈ N such that every minimal zero-sum sequence S over G with length |S| t satisfies index(S) = 1. In this paper, we first prove that l(G) = n 2 + 2 for n 8. Secondly, we obtain a new result about the multiplicity and the order of elements in long zero-sumfree sequences.