BackgroundThere is an ongoing need for improvements in non-invasive, point-of-care tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes mellitus. Ideally, such technologies would allow for community screening.MethodsIn this study, we employed infrared spectroscopy as a novel diagnostic tool in the prediction of diabetic status by analyzing the molecular and sub-molecular spectral signatures of saliva collected from subjects with diabetes (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 22).ResultsSpectral analysis revealed differences in several major metabolic components - lipid, proteins, glucose, thiocyanate and carboxylate - that clearly demarcate healthy and diseased saliva. The overall accuracy for the diagnosis of diabetes based on infrared spectroscopy was 100% on the training set and 88.2% on the validation set. Therefore, we have established that infrared spectroscopy can be used to generate complex biochemical profiles in saliva and identify several potential diabetes-associated spectral features.ConclusionsInfrared spectroscopy may represent an appropriate tool with which to identify novel diseases mechanisms, risk factors for diabetic complications and markers of therapeutic efficacy. Further study into the potential utility of infrared spectroscopy as diagnostic and prognostic tool for diabetes is warranted.
Aims
Periodontal diseases negatively affect implant osseointegration. Perturbations in non‐neuronal cholinergic signalling mechanisms are associated with periodontitis; however, their role in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) is unknown. The aim of this prospective case–control study was to determine the relationship between non‐neuronal cholinergic signalling mechanisms, secreted Ly‐6/uPAR‐related protein‐1 (SLURP‐1), interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) family cytokines and healing of dental implants in health and GAgP.
Material and Methods
Thirteen GAgP patients and seven periodontally healthy individuals (PH) were recruited. Peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) was obtained at baseline and 1 month post‐placement. Acetylcholine (ACh) levels and cholinesterase activity were determined biochemically. SLURP‐1, IL‐17A and IL‐17E levels were determined by ELISA. Marginal bone loss (MBL) at 1 and 6 months post‐placement was determined radiographically.
Results
The concentration of ACh, cholinesterase activity and IL‐17A levels was elevated in PICF of patients with GAgP compared to PH individuals at baseline and 1 month post‐placement. The concentration of ACh and cholinesterase activity levels in PICF correlated with levels of IL‐17A and MBL around implants 1 month post‐placement in patients with GAgP.
Conclusions
Non‐neuronal cholinergic mechanisms may play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of GAgP and may directly or indirectly, through modulation of IL‐17A, influence early implant osseointegration and potential long‐term implant survival.
Objective: To evaluate local and systemic levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-33, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in Thalassemia major (TM) in the presence of gingival inflammation. Material and Methods: 58 patients (TM, n=29 and systemically healthy controls, n=29) were included to the study. IL-10, IL-33, and TNF-α levels were evaluated in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva and serum. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Results: GCF IL-33 total amounts in TM and gingivitis group were elevated compared to systemically and periodontally healthy group (p=0.01). GCF IL-10, IL-33 and TNF-α concentrations were higher in TM and periodontally healthy group than the systemically healthy and gingivitis group (p=0.02, p=0.008, p=0.003). Serum IL-10 levels were elevated in TM and gingivitis compared to the systemically healthy and gingivitis (p=0.0009) and systemically and periodontally healthy (p=0.0007) groups. Serum IL-10 and TNF-α levels in TM and periodontally healthy group were higher than systemically and periodontally healthy group (p=0.01 and p=0.02). Conclusion: TM may potentially alter circulating levels of IL-33 and IL-10 and therefore, may affect the degree of periodontal inflammation locally or vice versa. Yet, the underlying mechanism linking the hematologic condition is not clear and deserves further investigation. KeywordsGingivitis; Thalassemia major; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-33; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha.
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