Background This study investigated attitudes towards teaching students with intellectual disability (ID) within a representative sample of secondary school physical education (PE) teachers, and to determine the effects of age, gender, teaching experience, and having acquaintance with ID and students with ID on their attitudes. Methods Participants were 729 secondary school PE teachers who worked in 81 major cities of Turkey. The Teachers Attitudes towards Children with Intellectual Disability Scale was administered. Results The statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant effect on factors and total attitudes scores of gender and having students with ID. Significant effects on factors and total attitudes score were found in teaching experiences and having acquaintance with ID. Conclusions It is encouraged to maintain and further develop in‐service education programmes of adapted physical activity for PE teachers.
In recent years, almost all countries around the world face budget cuts in health spending, which force public and private hospitals in these countries to use their resources effectively and to provide more efficient health care. In this context, the present study evaluates hospital efficiency across 29 OECD countries between 2000 and 2010 and investigates the determinants affecting hospitals' activities. In the first stage of the twostage performance analysis, efficiency scores of the hospitals were measured by data envelopment analysis (DEA) while, in the second stage, Panel Tobit Analysis was used to identify the environmental factors that affect the efficiency scores obtained in the first stage. The paper also explores the changes in the factor efficiency compared to the previous years by decomposition through the Malmquist Productivity Index. In the first stage, it was found that the efficiency scores achieved after 2000 began to decline in 2004 and reached their lowest levels between 2009 and 2010. The highest slack values were found in the figures regarding tomography, MR, and nurses, respectively. In the second stage, due to the censored nature of the dependent variable obtained by DEA, in order to achieve consistent and unbiased estimators, the use of Panel Tobit Analysis was proposed. Estimations showed that, among the environmental factors that secondarily affect hospital efficiency, income, education and number of private hospitals affect efficiency in a positive way, while the effects of public and private health expenses and the number of public hospitals on such efficiency was negative.
The available integrated models for choosing efficient suppliers developed so far are mostly specific to companies with mass production capabilities. However, in some sectors involved in project-type manufacturing, the same decision-making criteria cannot be applied and, plus, there is no point in determining the quantity of orders. For instance, in wind power plant projects, a single turbine supplier needs to be selected for each project. This study proposes an integrated FANP-f-MIGP model that ensures the selection of the optimal supplier for each project by applying the model to an energy firm. The criteria specific to the selection of wind power plant turbine suppliers are established, and the criteria weights are obtained by fuzzy analytic network process (FANP). As a result of the analysis, the most important criterion of all is cost. These weights constitute the coefficients of the f-MIGP model’s objective function. Under the defined constraints, by minimizing cost and risk and maximizing quality and services of the firm, the selection of an optimal wind turbine supplier from three suppliers for each of three projects is ensured. This study contributes to the literature both by the specific criteria it establishes and its proposed integrated model which allows for the selection of the best supplier in wind turbine and similar project-based productions.
Healthier people contribute more to the development of the economy. Besides, in a better economy, people have a better quality and healthier life. At this stage, one has to ask which one precedes the other: health or wealth? To find the answer, this study aims to investigate the causality relationship between health and inclusive wealth in the European countries for the period of 1990–2015. The causality between health and inclusive wealth scores, which are estimated by cluster and discriminant analyses, is investigated by the panel causality test. The research results indicate bidirectional causality between health and inclusive wealth. A one-way causality is detected in 11 cases as being from inclusive wealth to health and in 8 the other way. Furthermore, a two-way causality is found in 2 countries. Among the results, it is noteworthy that 91% of the countries with causality from inclusive wealth to health are among the healthy countries.
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