Steroids (cholesterol and ergosterol) are components of cell membranes. There are important sterols like cardenolide-digoxigenin and bufadienolide-scillarenin, which have an effect on the heart. Fusidic acid, a steroid obtained from the fungus Fusidium coccineum, has antimicrobial characteristics and is used to treat infections caused by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (5-10 mg/kg 3 times per day). Alfaxolone and alfadolone are synthetic steroids developed in this way for general anesthesia (1).Soybeans are a major source of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, which play a role in the growth of plant cells. Beta-sitosterol is added to products like margarine and corn oil. Fats like these have an antilipidemic effect because they reduce the absorption of cholesterol through the intestines (they cause less lipidemia than normal fats). Stigmasterol acts as an antioxidant. It also reduces the risk of prostate cancer (2,3).It is known that plant-based sterols (stigmasterol) have a negative effect on the absorption of other steroids by the intestines (they also prevent the biosynthesis of cholesterol). Stigmasterol, campesterol, and beta-sitosterol have been demonstrated to inhibit the D24-reductase enzyme in Caco-2 and HL-60 cells. It has been found
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extract (DFE) on the stomach in ulcer model induced by indomethacin in rats. Effects of DFE were evaluated in indomethacin-induced gastric damage model on Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental model: all rats were fasted for 24 h. At the end of this period, DFE was administered to the ulcer-induced groups. One hour after this application, a dose of 25 mg/kg of indomethacin was applied by oral gavage to all groups except the HEALTHY and DFE1000 groups. Six hours after indomethacin administration, the rats were euthanized with high-dose anesthesia and the experiment was terminated. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses for investigating ulcerative area, molecular and biochemical analyses for oxidative damages investigation and molecular analyses for the effect mechanism of indomethacin and DFE were conducted on stomach tissues in the study. While oxidative stress-associated markers such as MDA, BAX, and Caspase 3 increased dramatically in the indomethacin group, GSH antioxidant levels decreased. It was observed that these parameters were significantly improved in DFE 500 mg/kg and DFE 1000 mg/kg groups compared to ulcer group, and the results of especially DFE 1000 mg/kg group were similar to famotidine group.We observed that our histopathological findings also supported all our other findings.Dragon fruit extract was protected against indomethacin-induced ulcer damage by decreased MDA levels, increased GSH levels, and inhibition of Caspase 3, BAX, and Cox-2, and activation of Cox-1.
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible antigenotoxic effects of the extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel, which has high antioxidant activity against the genotoxic effects that mitomycin-C creates in the bone marrow cells of mice by a chromosomal aberration, mitotic activity, and micronucleus test system. There were six groups including a negative control group, positive control group (2 mg/kg mitomycin-C (MMC)), 150 mg/kg P. granatum L. (PG) peel extract, 300 mg/kg PG peel extract, 150 mg/ kg PG + MMC, and 300 mg/kg PG + MMC. The extract of pomegranate peel was given to mice by oral gavage for 15 days. At the end of day 15, 2 mg/kg MMC was intraperitoneally administered to the mice. Chromosomal aberration, mitotic activity, and micronucleus rates were determined in bone marrow cells of the mice, which were euthanized 24 h after this application. As a result of the observations carried out, it was determined that the chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus ratios in the MMC group were at the maximum level in terms of chromosomal aberration rates and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes; this rate decreased with 150 mg/kg PG and 300 mg/kg PG peel extract application with MMC, and PG peel extract applied with MMC significantly increased this decrease due to dose increase (P < 0.001). It was observed that MMC application decreased mitotic activity and polychromatic erythrocyte/ normochromatic erythrocyte ratios, while statistically these rates significantly increased in the groups administered peel extract with MMC when compared to the MMC group (P < 0.001). As a result, it was determined that the peel extract at the stated dose showed antigenotoxic effects against the genotoxicity caused by mitomycin-C in the bone marrow cells of mice.
Aim: The combination of chemotherapeutics and pomegranate peel extract has been shown to have a stronger anti-cancer effect. However, there is no information about how pomegranate peel extract will affect the neurotoxicity that may develop due to cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to the effects of strong antioxidant pomegranate peel extract on paclitaxel induced primary neuron damage in newborn rats by biochemical and molecular analysis. Material and Method: Paclitaxel toxicity was induced in the primary neuron cell culture derived from newborn rats. PPE 200, 300 and 400 mg/ml doses were applied 2 hours before the paclitaxel for protective effect. Results: In the MTT analysis, paclitaxel reduced cell viability by caused neuronal damage at the end of 24 hours. PPE has demonstrated significant protective effect on cell viability by preventing paclitaxel toxicity at all doses. PPE was demonstrated its effects by reducing oxidative stress, increasing antioxidant capacity, and also by suppressing the TNF-α expression which is pro-inflammatory cytokine, and caspase 9 and 3 expression which are apoptotic proteins. Conclusion: PPE prevents primary neuron damage caused paclitaxel by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect.
Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article Öz. Amaç: Güçlü bir antioksidan etkiye sahip olan nar kabuğunun pek çok fizyolojik özellikleri gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda eksitatör bir nörotransmitter olan glutamatın nörotoksik etkisine karşı, güçlü antioksidan olan nar kabuğunun etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmamızda yeni doğan sıçan beyin korteksi kullanılmıştır. Nar kabuğu ekstresi 200, 300 ve 400 mg/ml dozunda uygulandıktan 2 saat sonra 6x10-3 ve 3x10-3 M konsantrasyonda glutamat uygulaması gerçekleştirildi. Toksisite oluşturulduktan 24 saat sonra canlılık testi, total oksidan ve antioksidan kapasite ölçümleri gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Glutamat uygulaması artan dozlarda hücre canlılığını önemli ölçüde azaltırken nar kabuğu ekstresi yüksek dozda en iyi nöroprotektif etkiyi ortaya koymuştur. Toksisiteye bağlı artan oksidan kapasite nar kabuğu uygulaması ile anlamlı derecede düzelmiştir. Glutamata bağlı azalan antioksidan kapasite nar kabuğu ekstresi ile düzelme göstermiştir. Nar kabuğu ekstresi tek başına yüksek doz uygulandığında proliferatif etki ortaya koymuştur. Nar kabuğu nöroprotektif etkilerini proinflamatuar sitokin olan tümör nekrozis faktör-α ve apoptotik proteinler olan caspas 3 ve 9 ekspresyonunu baskılayarak ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç: Nar kabuğu ekstresi antioksidan, antiinflamatuar ve anti-apoptotik etkisi ile glutamata bağlı gelişen nörotoksisiteyi önlemiştir.
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