The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of Urtica dioica essential oil, and to evaluate its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, using cytogenetic tests such as the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration analysis in human lymphocyte cultures in vitro. GC-MS analysis of U. dioica essential oil identified 43 compounds, representing 95.8% of the oil. GC and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of U. dioica revealed that carvacrol (38.2%), carvone (9.0%), naphthalene (8.9%), (E)-anethol (4.7%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (3.0%), (E)-geranyl acetone (2.9%), (E)-β-ionone (2.8%) and phytol (2.7%) are the main components, comprising 72.2% of the oil. A significant correlation was found between the concentration of essential oil and the following: chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei frequency, apoptotic cells, necrotic cells, and binucleated cells.
ÖzetTümörlerin biyolojilerinin anlaşılması, korunma ve tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada farelerde 3-metilkolantrenle (3-MC) indüklenen fibrosarkoma üzerinde sisteaminin koruyucu etkileri araştırıldı. Deneyde yaklaşık 20±2.0 g ağırlığında beyaz erkek fareler (Mus musculus albino) kullanıldı. Fareler her grupta 15 adet olacak şekilde beş gruba ayrıldı, standart diyet ve su ile ad libitum olarak beslendi. Birinci gruptaki hayvanlara hiçbir ilaç uygulaması yapılmadı. İkinci gruptaki farelere susam yağı (0.2 ml, deri altı), üçüncü gruba sisteamin (%0.1 suda oral), dördüncü gruptaki farelere 3-metilkolantren çözeltisi (1 mg/0.2 ml susam yağı) 0.2 ml hacimde deri altı yolla enjekte edildi. Beşinci gruba 3-metilkolantren çözeltisi (1 mg/0.2 ml susam yağı) 0.2 ml deri altı ve %0.1 oranında suda çözdürülmüş sisteamin oral yolla ad libitum olarak verildi. Hayvanlar 4 ay süreyle takip edildi. Süre sonunda servical dislokasyonla ötanazi edilen farelerin otopsileri yapıldı. Organlardaki morfolojik değişiklikler ve alınan doku örneklerindeki tümöral oluşumlar histopatolojik yöntemlerle araştırıldı. Araştırma sonucunda sisteaminin farelerde 3-metilkolantrenle indüklenen fibrosarkoma karşı koruyucu etki gösterdiği belirlendi. Anahtar sözcükler: Fibrosarkoma, 3-Metilkolantren, Sisteamin Effects of Cysteamine on 3-Methylcholanthrene -Induced Fibrosarcoma in Mice SummaryUnderstanding the biology, developing methods for prevention and treatment of tumors is of great importance. The present study was investigated protective effects of the cysteamine on 3-methylcholantrene-induced fibrosarcoma in mice. In the experiment, white male mice (Mus musculus albino) were used approximately 20±2.0 g in weight. Divided into five groups, per group of 15 mice and were fed ad libitum with a standard diet and water. No drug was performed in the first group of animals. Sesame oil (0.2 ml volume) for the second group of mice were injected subcutaneously. The third group was given in drinking water 0.1% solution of cysteamine (ad libitum). 3-methylcholantrene solution (1 mg/0.2ml sesame oil) were injected for the fourth group of mice subcutaneously with 0.2 ml volume. The five group was performed 0.2 ml volume of 3-methylcholantrene solution (1 mg/0.2 ml sesame oil) subcutaneously and 0.1% dissolved in water was ad libitum disintegrating orally. Animals were observed for 4 months. The mice that euthanasiaded cervical dislocation were autopsied at the end. Morphological changes in organs and tissue samples taken from tumor formation was investigated with histopathological methods. In conclusion ıt is suggested that cysteamine has a protective effect on 3-methylcholantrene-induced fibrosarcoma in mice.
ÖzetBu çalışmada farelerde 3-metilkolantren (3-MC) ile indüklenen fibrosarkoma üzerine sisteamin, putresin ve sisteamin-putresin kombinasyonunun etkileri araştırıldı. Araştırmada Mus musculus albino ırkı, 2-3 aylık ve 20±2.0 g ağırlığında olan toplam 135 adet erkek fare kullanıldı. Fareler her grupta 15 adet olacak şekilde 9 gruba ayrıldı. Fareler standart diyet ve su ile ad libitum olarak beslendi. Birinci grup negatif kontrol grubu olarak tutuldu. İkinci gruba deri altı yolla 0.2 ml susam yağı, üçüncü gruba deri altı yolla 3-MC enjekte edildi. Dördüncü gruba içme suyuyla %0.1 oranında sisteamin, beşinci gruba %0.1 oranında putresin, altıncı gruba %0.1 oranında sisteamin ve %0.1 oranında putresin karışımı ad libitum olarak verildi. Yedinci gruba deri altı yolla 0.2 ml 3-MC çözeltisi (1 mg 3-MC/0.2 ml susam yağı) ve bir ay sonra içme suyuyla %0.1 oranında sisteamin, sekizinci gruba deri altı yolla 0.2 ml 3-MC çözeltisi ve bir ay sonra içme suyuyla %0.1 oranında putresin, dokuzuncu gruba deri altı yolla 0.2 ml 3-MC çözeltisi ve bir ay sonra içme suyuyla %0.1 oranında sisteamin + %0.1 oranında putresin karışımı ad libitum olarak verildi. Bir yılın sonunda ferelerin dokuları morfolojik ve histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildi. Araştırma sonucunda 3-MC ile indüklenen fibrosarkomaya karşı çoktan aza doğru putresin, sisteamin+putresin ve sisteaminin koruyucu etki gösterdiği belirlendi. Anahtar sözcükler: Fibrosarkoma, 3-Metilkolantren, Sisteamin, Putresin Effects of Cysteamine, Putrescine and Cysteamine-Putrescine Combination on 3-Methylcholanthrene-Induced Fibrosarcoma in Mice SummaryIn this study the effects of cysteamine, putrescine and the combination of cysteamine and putrescine were investigated in mice with 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC) induced on fibrosarcoma. A total of 135 adult male Mouse (Mus musculus) albino, 2-3 months old and weighting 20±2.0 g was used in this study. Mice in each group were divided 15 consisting of 9 individual. The first group was kept as a negative control group. The second group received subcutaneous injection of 0.2 ml sesame oil, and the third group was given subcutaneously 3-MC (1 mg/0.2 ml sesame oil). The 4th, 5th and 6th groups recived 0.1% cysteamine, 0.1% putrescine and 0.1% cysteamine + 0.1% putrescine mix with drinking water ad libitum respectively. The 7 th , 8 th and 9 th groups were injected with 0.2 ml of 3-MC solution. After 1 month 0.1% cysteamine, 0.1% putrescine and 0.1% cysteamine + 0.1% putrescine combinations were administrated in drinking water to 7 th , 8 th and 9 th groups respectively. After 1 year of all experiments mice tissues were evaluated morphologic and histopathologically. As a result were respectively demonstrated protective effect of putrescine, cysteamine+putrescine and cysteamin against 3-MC induced fibrosarcoma.
In this study, red pepper samples spiked with AFB1 were treated with ozone at three different doses to reduce their AFB1 level. Samples were spiked with 25, 75 and 150 ppb AFB1 doses and then treated with ozone at 40 mg/L for 20/40 min and 80 mg/L for 40 min. Decrease in AFB1 contents of samples was dependent on ozone dose, and percent reduction in the AFB1 content of spiked samples ranged from 6.1 to 74.1% within the groups. After all ozone applications, mesophilic bacteria and mold/yeast count decreased by 7–22.1% and 27.2–33.7%, respectively, in red pepper. In sensory analysis, the effect of different doses of ozone on color, smell and taste of red peppers was determined by using a scored triple test of three different meals in the second stage. Results for dose 40 mg/L for 20/40 min indicated that boiled and fried meal groups were 80–90% similar to the control. Practical Applications The effect of ozone detoxification on the carcinogenic aflatoxin B1, which was produced by mold grow on red peppers used as spice, was determined. An attempt was also made to determine the optimal dose of detoxification using different amounts of ozone, which was generated by new types working with air of generator, on the different amounts of aflatoxin B1 mixed with red peppers. In addition, the effects of ozone application on the sensory properties of red peppers were also investigated by applying different amounts of ozone and using different types of meals preparations.
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