Abstract. The Spanish fortified wines (with alcohol content exceeding 15% by volume) are produced only in Western Andalusia (Spain), being awarded with a Denomination of Origin (PDO). They are products where quality is associated with complex changes during the aging under "velo de flor" (film of yeast) and/or for a long time. The consumption of these kind of wines has decreased as a result of the changes in the recent drinking consumption habits, and because of the rise of other more popular alcoholic drinks. This study is based on a survey made to 1990 Andalusian consumers, according to a stratified quota sampling method, based on the sociodemographic characteristics of the consumers target population. Methodology used questionnaires (frequencies, percentages, means and measures of variability, depending on the type of variables) and experiments that explain the variability of the criterion variables taken into account (in our case buying behaviour and willingness to pay -WTP). Contingency Tables, Analysis of Variance, CHAI Analysis, and Cluster Analysis were the statistical methods used here. The results of this work show some threats over fortified wines, due to the old population consuming these types of wine, and the narrow area where these wines are frequently consumed. It has also to be noted that preferences of younger people aim to other competing alcoholic drinks (white young and red wines). The information and training courses consumers have on fortified wines affects positively on WTP, therefore, training strategies are suggested to get this objective.
Resumen. El manejo de los suelos vitícolas andaluces ha consistido tradicionalmente en un laboreo muy intensivo con varios pases anuales. Esta aplicación continuada de labores provoca importantes problemas de erosión que se agravan en zonas con pendiente y con suelos de textura arcillosa. El impacto negativo que se genera tanto a nivel ambiental como económico, ha impulsado la búsqueda de alternativas al laboreo tradicional, como es la implantación de cubiertas vegetales. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en los años 2015 a 2017. Se ha realizado en la finca experimental del IFAPA Centro de Cabra (Córdoba, España), en una parcela de la variedad Pedro Ximénez cultivada en ecológico. Se han evaluado tres tratamientos de manejo de suelo: Laboreo tradicional (L), cubierta vegetal espontánea (CVE) y cubierta vegetal sembrada (CVS). Se ha comparado los efectos de los distintos tratamientos en parámetros relacionados con la fisiología, rendimiento y calidad de la uva. El laboreo ha mantenido producciones significativamente superiores que los tratamientos de cubiertas vegetales, en dos de las tres campañas estudiadas El peso de madera de poda también fue significativamente mayor en las tres campañas, mientras que el contenido en sólidos solubles fue menor.Abstract. The management of Andalusian vineyard soils has traditionally involved an intense tillage several times per year. This constant operation causes serious problems of erosion which get worse in sloping surfaces and clay soils. Alternatives for the traditional tillage have been promoted due to both the environmental and economic negative impacts, these alternatives include plant covers. Results obtained between 2015-2017 are presented in this work. The research has been done on the experimental parcel of IFAPA Centro de Cabra (Córdoba, Spain), in Pedro Ximenez ecological vineyard. Three soil management treatments have been assessed: Conventional tillering (L), spontaneous cover crop (CVE) and seeded cover crop (CVS). Different effects of the treatments on parameters related to physiology, yield and grape quality have been compared. Tillering treatment has had significantly higher productions during two seasons than cover crops treatments. Pruning wood weight was significantly higher too during three seasons while the content of soluble solids was lower. IntroducciónAndalucía es una región que, por su situación geográfica, orografía y climatología, posibilita el cultivo de la vid en muy diversos y adecuados edafoclimas. Además, factores como la alta insolación y la baja incidencia de plagas y enfermedades hacen factible la obtención de uvas y vino ecológicos de calidad. El viñedo ecológico en Andalucía es aún incipiente, pero ha ido incrementándose cada año hasta llegar a las actuales 863 ha, lo que supone un 2.92% de la superficie total de viñedo andaluz.El laboreo es la técnica de manejo de suelo con más arraigo en las comarcas vitícolas tradicionales andaluzas como son el Marco de Jerez y de Montilla-Moriles. En estas zonas se ha labrado de ...
This research aims to expand the explanations about the debate on academic entrepreneurship and other knowledge transfer mechanisms, to respond to what extent entrepreneurial intention affects the diffusion and dissemination of knowledge in a Mexican university. The lack of indicators of commercial activity, leads us to propose the analysis of a pre-commercial stage of technology that we call entrepreneurial intention. After the literature review, we present a database of academic inventors in patents granted to the university, identifying patenting with an entrepreneurial intention, following Lomas (1993) knowledge transfer taxonomy. Data about publications and received citations by academic inventors is also considered for knowledge diffusion; as well as the supervision of end-of-degree projects in undergraduate and graduate studies; before and after the patent was granted, for knowledge dissemination. Using a binomial model, we estimated two data sets, one for the period 1984-2000 and the second for 2001-2020. Our findings reveal, an average increase of 60% in the number of patents obtained. We also found that the characteristics of the research group are significant in both models, but in the 2001-2020 period it is more important to integrate foreign inventors than patenting with firms, the dissemination of knowledge is more significant and has greater importance in the model. To respond to what extent entrepreneurial intention affects the diffusion and dissemination of knowledge, greater attention should be paid to the diffusion of knowledge since in both models the variable that represents publications after patenting is not significant. The explanation about the dissemination of knowledge improves substantially from one period to another.
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