Invertebrate communities and associated environmental characteristics were monitored at three Pinus radiata and three pasture stream sites in the Pakuratahi and Tamingimingi Stream catchments, New Zealand, respectively, at nine irregular intervals between December 1996 and April 2001. The Pakuratahi sites were logged between May 1998 and September 1999. Following logging the Pakuratahi Stream invertebrate communities changed from being dominated by a diversity of mayfly species to communities dominated by a high abundance of Chironomidae, Aoteapsyche sp., Elmidae, Ostracoda, and Potamopygrus antipodarum. Invertebrate communities that developed following the pine forest harvesting closely resembled those at pasture stream sites in the adjoining Tamingimingi catchment. Invertebrate communities at the pasture stream sites were dominated throughout the study by the same taxa as in the post-harvest pine sites, except immediately following a storm in July 1997 when mayflies became proportionally more abundant. Biotic indices of water quality, such as the

New Zealand research relating to erosion impacts of plantation forest roads, tracks and landings has been carried out since the mid-1970s. Methods include paired catchment studies, storm-induced mass movement surveys, and surface erosion plot experiments from both natural and simulated rainfall-runoff. Road surface erosion data exist only for indurated conglomerate, granitic, schist and pumice terrains, with annual sediment yields up to 15 kg m À2 for a range of treatments and source types including graded, ungraded and gravelled road surface-ditch, cutbank and sidecast. Sediment generated from infrequent storm-induced landslides over entire forest road networks range from c. 40 to 8000 t km À1 road, or one to three orders of magnitude greater than combined surface road erosion processes. Young roads tend to have greater landslide susceptibility. Despite predicted increases in sediment yields from road surfaces during forest establishment and harvesting activities, annual sediment yields from catchments appear to be within natural levels.

New Zealand research relating to erosion impacts of plantation forest roads, tracks and landings has been carried out since the mid-1970s. Methods include paired catchment studies, storm-induced mass movement surveys, and surface erosion plot experiments from both natural and simulated rainfall-runoff. Road surface erosion data exist only for indurated conglomerate, granitic, schist and pumice terrains, with annual sediment yields up to 15 kg m À2 for a range of treatments and source types including graded, ungraded and gravelled road surface-ditch, cutbank and sidecast. Sediment generated from infrequent storm-induced landslides over entire forest road networks range from c. 40 to 8000 t km À1 road, or one to three orders of magnitude greater than combined surface road erosion processes. Young roads tend to have greater landslide susceptibility. Despite predicted increases in sediment yields from road surfaces during forest establishment and harvesting activities, annual sediment yields from catchments appear to be within natural levels.