The identification of nodes occupying important positions in a network structure is crucial for the understanding of the associated real-world system. Usually, betweenness centrality (BC) is used to evaluate a node capacity to connect different graph regions. However, we argue here that this measure is not adapted for that task, as it gives equal weight to 'local' centres (i.e. nodes of high-degree central to a single region) and to 'global' bridges, which connect different communities. This distinction is important as the roles of such nodes are different in terms of the local and global organization of the network structure. In this paper, we propose a decomposition of BC into two terms, one highlighting the local contributions and the other the global ones. We call the latter bridgeness centrality and show that it is capable to specifically spot out global bridges. In addition, we introduce an effective algorithmic implementation of this measure and demonstrate its capability to identify global bridges in air transportation and scientific collaboration networks.
Six décennies après sa parution initiale, une expérience inédite de traduction collaborative ouverte permet enfin de découvrir en français le fameux article dans lequel l’anthropologue britannique John A. Barnes avait été un des premiers, sinon le premier, à mobiliser la notion de « réseau social ». Dans un premier temps de cette présentation, nous voudrions donner quelques indices du rôle que l’article de Barnes a joué dans le développement de l’analyse des réseaux sociaux, et dans un second temps il s’agit de proposer une restitution synthétique des enjeux et des conditions de cette expérience inédite de traduction collaborative, en réseau justement, qui a permis de rendre désormais ce texte beaucoup plus facilement accessible à la communauté francophone des sciences sociales.
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