In a large French hospital, a group of professional experts (including physicians and software engineers) are working on the computerization of a blood-transfusion traceability device. By focusing on a particular moment in this slow process of design, we analyze their collaborative practices during a work session. The analysis takes a praxeological and interactionist approach and is inspired by discussions on the role of artifacts in social practices currently developed within various research frameworks in this field: activity theory, distributed cognition, conversation analysis, and actor network theory. After a brief presentation of the place of objects and artifacts in these ways of approaching action and human cognition, we show how the collective activity analyzed here is generated by the interweaving of discursive, gestural, and artifactual resources.
: In this paper we present an interaction-oriented approach to the process of designing a document for the end-user. We emphasize exchange between subjects and the subjects' relationship with their environment. The analysis of verbal exchanges offers a way to apprehend such a situated collective. We attempt to unveil the cognitive processes underlying this task with special attention paid to the collective's ability to find in its environment the resources permitting the emergence of shared knowledge. We focus on this object's role as a vehicle for emergence and on its inscription in an interactional dynamics.
This paper discusses theoretical and methodological issues arising from a video-based research design and the emergent tool 'Joint Screen' when grasping joint activity. We share our reflections regarding the combined reading of four synchronised camera perspectives combined in one screen. By these means we reconstruct and analyse multimodal moment-to-moment interaction between young peers engaged in an open-ended baking activity. We rely on a fine-grained analysis of three multimodally transcribed video extracts to highlight how a combined viewing of multiple joint camera perspectives provides access to how participants do joint activity through the simultaneous and continuous use of embodied resources. We argue that 'Joint Screen' generates an 'expanded-around' view that allows the capture of multimodal interactional processes in their phenomenal depth in time and space.
Pour travailler la question des traces, nous nous appuyons sur une situation de conception architecturale collaborative réalisée au moyen d’outils numériques. L’objectif que nous poursuivons est de comprendre comment un objet prend une valeur de trace au sein de l’interaction et comment cette valeur de trace peut perdurer dans un ailleurs, notamment celui de l’évaluation de travail fourni par des architectes en formation. Partant de l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’interaction est un lieu de construction des significations et d’intelligibilité des connaissances, nous analysons une séquence d’un travail en binôme au cours de laquelle un dessin est effacé en tant que ce geste, cette trace rendue absente, permet d’accéder aux conditions et aux motivations de sa production.
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