RESUMO -Quarenta e oito suínos (Landrace x Large White) com peso médio inicial de 22,69 kg (24 machos castrados e 24 fêmeas) foram submetidos a quatro tratamentos (dietas com 0; 5; 10 e 15% de inclusão de TG), com o objetivo de avaliar o uso da torta de girassol (TG) na alimentação de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação .Foram avaliados o ganho diário de peso (GDP), o consumo diário de ração (CDR) e a conversão alimentar (CA) durante as fases de crescimento I (20 a 50 kg de peso vivo), crescimento II (50 a 80 kg de peso vivo) e terminação (80 a 100 kg de peso vivo). Ao abate, foram avaliados o peso (PC) e o rendimento de carcaça (RC), a espessura de toucinho (ET), a profundidade do músculo Longissimus dorsi (PM), a área de olho de lombo (AOL), o comprimento de carcaça (CC), o rendimento (RCC%) e a quantidade de carne na carcaça (QCC). Não houve diferença significativa no desempenho entre os tratamentos nos períodos avaliados. O efeito sexo foi significativo e em favor dos machos castrados apenas para o GPD em todas as fases, e para o CDR, na fase de terminação e no período total (20 a 100 kg de peso vivo). Para as características de carcaça, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos e o efeito sexo foi significativo para a ET, QCC e CC, com maiores médias para os machos castrados, e para o RCC, com maior média para as fêmeas. A TG pode ser utilizada em até 15% de inclusão nas rações de crescimento e terminação, mantendo-se os mesmos índices de desempenho e qualidade da carcaça. A inclusão de 15% de TG foi a que apresentou o melhor índice de eficiência econômica.Palavras-chave: carcaça, crescimento, desempenho, suínos, torta de girassol Effects of Feeding Sunflower Cake on Performance and Carcass Characteristics, for Swine in the Growing and Finishing PhasesABSTRACT -Forty-eight (24 barrows and 24 females) Landrace x Large White pigs (averaging 22.69 kg of initial body weight) were assigned to four treatments to evaluate the effect of feeding sunflower cake (SC) on performance and carcass characteristics for swine in the growing and finishing phases. The following increasing dietary levels of sunflower cake (SC) were used: (0, 5, 10 and 15%). Daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake (DFI) and feed:gain ratio (FGR)in the growing I (20 to 50 kg body weight), growing II (50 to 80 kg body weight) and finishing phases (80 to 100 kg body weight) were evaluated. At slaughter, the following carcass characteristics were evaluated: carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), backfat depth (BD), muscle depth (MD), loin eye area (LA), carcass length (LC), carcass meat yield (YPC) and carcass meat (MC). No significant differences were detected among treatments in all phases, but significant effects on DWG for barrows in all phases and on DFI for barrows in the finishing phase and overall period (20 to 100 kg body weight) were observed, with the best values of DWG and DFI. No significant effect on carcass characteristics among treatments was observed. The barrows showed greater values of BD, MC and LC than...

BackgroundAnalysis of data collected from pig farms may be useful to understand factors affecting pig health and productive performance. However, obtaining these data and drawing conclusions from them can be done at different levels and presents several challenges. In the present study, information from 688 batches of growing-finishing (GF) pigs (average initial and final body weight of 19.1 and 108.5 kg respectively) from 404 GF farms integrated in 7 companies was obtained between July 2008 and July 2010 in Spain by survey. Management and facility factors associated with feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality were studied by multiple linear regression analysis in each single company (A to G) and in an overall database (OD). Factors studied were geographic location of the farm, trimester the pigs entered the farm, breed of sire and sex segregation in pens (BREGENSEG), use of circovirus vaccine, number of origins the pigs were obtained from, age of the farm, percentage of slatted floor, type of feeder, drinker and ventilation, number of phases and form of feed, antibiotic administration system, water source, and number and initial weight of pigs.ResultsIn two or more companies studied and/or in OD, the trimester when pigs were placed in the farm, BREGENSEG, number of origins of the pigs, age of the farm and initial body weight were factors associated with FCR. Regarding mortality, trimester of placement, number of origins of the pigs, water source in the farm, number of pigs placed and the initial body weight were relevant factors. Age of the farm, antibiotic administration system, and water source were only provided by some of the studied companies and were not included in the OD model, however, when analyzed in particular companies these three variables had an important effect and may be variables of interest in companies that do not record them.ConclusionsAnalysing data collected from farms at different levels helps better understand factors associated with productive performance of pig herds. Out of the studied factors trimester of placement and number of origins of the pigs were the most relevant factors associated with FCR and mortality.

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a inclusão de ractopamina e sua associação com as vitaminas antioxidantes C e E em dietas de suínos em terminação durante 28 dias antes ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the inclusion of ractopamine and its association with the antioxidant vitamins C and E in finishing pig diets during 28 days prior to slaughter on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality. Forty-eight Agroceres PIC line swine (24 barrows and 24 females) distributed in a randomized blocks factorial design in 3x2 (3 diets: control; control+10ppm of ractopamine; control + complex (0.05%) ractopamine with antioxidant vitamins (10ppm of ractopamine + 200mg of vitamin E+100mg of vitamin C kg -1 of feed) and 2 sex (barrows and females

Utilização do farelo de gérmen de milho desengordurado, como fonte de fitato, associado à fitase em rações de suínos: efeitos sobre a qualidade da carne e da linguiça tipo frescal Defatted corn germ meal and phytase in the diet of pigs: effects on meat quality and a fresh sausage AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of phytic acid, mainly carried by the defatted corn germ meal (DCGM), and the addition of phytase in pig diets in the finishing phase on the parameters related to the meat and fresh sausage qualities. Were used 32 pigs of commercial line "Pen Ar Lan", with initial weight of 60.31 ± 5.32 kg, 16 barrows and 16 females, distributed in a 2x2x2 factorial design: diet without adding DCGM and inclusion of 40% of DCGM, diets without phytase inclusion and inclusion of 1000 FTU and the gender, barrows and gilts. The animals received food and water ad libitum during

ResumoO objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de aditivos antioxidantes associados ou não à ractopamina em rações de suínos em terminação. Utilizou-se 51 suínos, 27 machos castrados e 24 fêmeas, com peso médio inicial de 83,38 kg. Foram estabelecidos três tratamentos experimentais, baseados na inclusão de dois complexos às rações: Complexo 1 (4g de vitamina E + 1g de vitamina C/kg do produto) e Complexo 2 (0,2g de ractopamina + 4g de vitamina E + 2g de vitamina C/kg de produto), definindo: ração controle (isenta dos Complexos); ração controle + Complexo 1 (0,1%); e ração controle + Complexo 2 (0,05%). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, num arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 (3 tratamentos e 2 sexos). Verificou-se diferença (P<0,05) para o consumo diário de ração, conversão alimentar, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria a favor do tratamento com ractopamina. Os tratamentos que continham vitamina E apresentaram maiores valores da vitamina na carne (P<0,05), e também menores (P<0,05) valores de oxidação e taxa de marmoreio. A inclusão de ractopamina, juntamente com os antioxidantes testados, resulta em melhora nas características de desempenho e carcaça. A suplementação com o complexo antioxidante, isoladamente, melhora parâmetros relacionados à qualidade da carne. Palavras-chave: Beta-adrenérgico, músculo, oxidação lipídica, tecido adiposo, vitamina AbstractThe objective was evaluated the effects of the use of additives antioxidants associated or not with ractopamine in feed for finishing pigs. Were used 51 crossbred pigs, 27 barrows and 24 females with initial weight of 83.38 kg. Three experimental treatments were established based on the inclusion of two complexes to feed: complex 1 (4g de vitamin E + 1g de vitamin C/kg of product) and complex 2 (0.2g de ractopamine + 4g de vitamin E + 2g de vitamin C/kg of product), defining the ration control (free of complexes), ration control + complex 1 (0.1%) and ration control + complex 2 (0.05%). The experimental design was blocked randomically, presenting a factorial model 3x2 (3 treatments and 2 sexes). Were observed difference (P<0.05) for daily feed intake, feed, hot and cold carcass weight to

-The objective of this study was to identify and quantify, through mathematical models, the main factors of production in growing and finishing pig units linked to three Brazilian cooperatives located in Western Region of Paraná State that influence the parameters of daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The records of 216 growing and finishing farms from 2010 to 2013, representing 1,533 batches, and totaling approximately 1,025,000 pigs, were evaluated. Thirty production factors related to the management, health, installations and equipment, nutrition, genetics, and environment were considered. The number of pigs per pen, the feeder model, the origin and sex of the animals, and the initial and final body weights were the factors included in the final models for both dependent variables (daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio) and had a significant impact on these ratios. Approximately, 41 and 55% of the total variance found for daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio, respectively, were explained by the variables included in the final models. Mathematical models could serve as important tools to aid the decision-making in pig production systems.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e quantificar, por meio de modelos de regressão linear múltipla, os fatores de produção que afetam o consumo diário de ração e a conversão alimentar de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação, em granjas integradas a uma cooperativa. Foram avaliados os históricos produtivos de 690 lotes, que representavam aproximadamente 363 mil animais alojados entre 2010 e 2013 em 118 granjas vinculadas a uma cooperativa do Estado do Paraná. Foram considerados 44 fatores de produção relacionados a instalações, manejo, sanidade, genética e alimentação. O consumo diário de ração (CDR) foi menor nos lotes oriundos de granjas com árvores nas laterais dos galpões e naqueles formados apenas por fêmeas. Já a conversão alimentar (CA) foi melhor para os lotes provenientes de granjas com árvores nas laterais dos galpões, alojados no verão/outono, oriundos de granjas edificadas em alvenaria e que apresentavam composteira e unidades especializadas produtoras de leitões. Os pesos de entrada e de saída dos lotes influenciaram o CDR, e o peso de entrada e a duração do período de engorda, a CA. Os modelos de regressão linear múltipla possibilitam identificar variáveis de importância e estimar seus efeitos sobre a conversão alimentar e o consumo diário de ração de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação.Termos para indexação: consumo diário de ração, conversão alimentar, equações, regressão múltipla. Factors affecting the performance of pigs in the growing and finishing phasesAbstract -The objective of this work was to identify and quantify, through multiple linear regression models, the factors of production that affect the daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of pigs in the growing and finishing phases, in farms linked to a company. The production records of 690 batches were evaluated, representing approximately 363 thousand animals housed between 2010 and 2013 in 118 commercial farms linked to a company in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Forty-four factors of production related to facilities, management, health status, genetics, and feeding were considered. Daily feed intake (DFI) was lower in batches from farms that had trees planted on the sides of the barns and in those formed only by females. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better in batches from farms with trees on the sides of the barns, housed during summer/fall, originated from farms with barns built of masonry and that had compost bins and specialized units for producing piglets. The initial and final weights of the batches affected DFI, and the initial weight and duration of the growing and finishing phases, the FCR. The multiple linear regression models allow identifying important variables and estimating their effects on FCR and DFI of pigs in the growing and finishing phases.Index terms: daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, equations, multiple regression. IntroduçãoNa suinocultura, as fases de crescimento e terminação são consideradas complexas e sujeitas a muitas variáveis, com grandes transformações nos ...

The aim of this study was to identify and quantify, through mathematical models, the production factors of grow-finishing (GF) phases that influence the daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in pigs. Sixty-five GF farms were evaluated between 2010 and 2013, linked to a cooperative system located in the western Parana State, Brazil, representing 463 batches, with a mean of 642.79 ± 363.29 animals per batch, equalling approximately 300,000 animals. Forty production factors were considered that related to management, sanitation, installations and equipment, nutrition, genetics and environment on the farms. The DFI was influenced by the barn's position relative to the sun (P = 0.048), initial body weight (P < 0.0001) and final body weight (P < 0.0001). It was observed that the FCR was influenced by the barn's position relative to the sun (P = 0.0001), the use of humidifiers/misting (P = 0.03), the presence of composters (P = 0.006), trees on the sides of barns (P < 0.045), the initial body weight of the pigs (P<0.0001) and duration of the grow-finishing phase (P < 0.0001). The variables selected in the models explained approximately 44 and 20% of the total variance in the DFI and FCR, respectively, demonstrating that this resource is a good tool for interpreting the factors related to the parameters evaluated. Key words: Management. Multilevel modelling. Swine. ResumoObjetivou-se neste estudo identificar e quantificar, através de modelos matemáticos, os fatores de produção presentes em unidades de crescimento e terminação (CT) de suínos que influenciam os parâmetros consumo diário de ração (CDR) e conversão alimentar (CA). Foram avaliados o histórico produtivo de 65 granjas de CT entre os anos de 2010 e 2013, vinculadas a um sistema cooperativo localizado na região oeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil, representando 463 lotes com média de 642,79 ± 363,29 animais por lote, totalizando aproximadamente 300.000 animais. Foram considerados 40 fatores de produção relacionados ao manejo, sanidade, instalações e equipamentos, nutrição, genética e ambiente. Observou-se que o CDR foi influenciado pela posição dos barracões em relação ao sol (P = 0,048), pelo peso de entrada (P < 0,0001) e de saída (P < 0,0001). Para a variável CA a posição dos barracões em relação ao sol (P = 0,0001), o uso de umidificadores/nebulizadores (P = 0,03), a presença de composteira (P = 0,006) e de árvores nas laterais dos barracões (P = 0,045), o peso de entrada (P < 0,0001) e a duração da fase de CT (P < 0,0001) influenciaram o parâmetro. As variáveis selecionadas nos modelos explicaram aproximadamente 44 e 20% da variância total do CDR e CA, respectivamente, sendo este recurso uma boa ferramenta para interpretar os fatores relacionados com os parâmetros avaliados. Palavras-chave: Manejo. Modelagem multinível. Suínos.