Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen of global health concern. Herein, the rapid diagnosis of L. monocytogenes has been achieved using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on the phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C gene (plcB). Colorimetric detection was then performed through the formation of DNA concatemers and a gold nanoparticle/DNA probe complex (GNP/DNA probe). The overall detection process was accomplished within approximately 1 h with no need for complicated equipment. The limits of detection for L. monocytogenes in the forms of purified genomic DNA and pure culture were 800 fg and 2.82 CFU mL−1, respectively. No cross reactions were observed from closely related bacteria species. The LAMP-GNP/DNA probe assay was applied to the detection of 200 raw chicken meat samples and compared to routine standard methods. The data revealed that the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy were 100, 90.20, and 97.50%, respectively. The present assay was 100% in conformity with LAMP-agarose gel electrophoresis assay. Five samples that were negative by both assays appeared to have the pathogen at below the level of detection. The assay can be applied as a rapid direct screening method for L. monocytogenes.
A rapid and specific, hly-based, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was applied for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food and food products, using a real-time turbidimeter platform (LAMP-turbidity). The principle behind this method relies on an increase in a DNA yield, which correlates with the production of magnesium pyrophosphate, and the results can be determined via an amplification curve within 1 h. The specificity test revealed that L. monocytogenes (DMST 17303) was observed from 34.1 to 38.3 min, while thirty strains of non-L. monocytogenes demonstrated no crossreactions. The limits of detection for purified genomic DNA and pure culture were 800 pg mL À1 and 2.82Â 10 3 CFU mL À1 , respectively. Investigation on 200 raw chicken meat samples indicated that the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of LAMP-turbidity were 100%, 62.75%, and 90.50%, respectively.These data suggest that an hly-based, real-time, quantitative LAMP-turbidity assay can be an applicable tool for the epidemiological screening of L. monocytogenes in food and food products.
A thermostable esterase gene (hydS14) was cloned from an Actinomadura sp. S14 gene library. The gene is 777 bp in length and encodes a polypeptide of 258 amino acid residues with no signal peptide, no N-glycosylation site and a predicted molecular mass of 26,604 Da. The encoded protein contains the pentapeptide motif (GYSLG) and catalytic triad (Ser88-Asp208-His235) of the esterase/lipase superfamily. The HydS14 sequence shows 46%–64% identity to 23 sequences from actinomycetes (23 α/β-hydrolases), has three conserved regions, and contains the novel motif (GY(F)SLG), which distinguishes it from other clusters in the α/β-hydrolase structural superfamily. A plasmid containing the coding region (pPICZαA-hydS14) was used to express HydS14 in Pichia pastoris under the control of the AOXI promoter. The recombinant HydS14 collected from the supernatant had a molecular mass of ~30 kDa, which agrees with its predicted molecular mass without N-glycosylation. HydS14 had an optimum temperature of approximately 70 °C and an optimum pH of 8.0. HydS14 was stable at 50 and 60 °C for 120 min, with residual activities of above 80% and above 90%, respectively, as well as 50% activity at pH 6.0–8.0 and pH 9.0, respectively. The enzyme showed higher activity with p-nitrophenyl-C2 and C4. The Km and Vmax values for p-nitrophenyl-C4 were 0.21 ± 0.02 mM and 37.07 ± 1.04 μmol/min/mg, respectively. The enzyme was active toward short-chain p-nitrophenyl ester (C2–C6), displaying optimal activity with p-nitrophenyl-C4 (Kcat/Km = 11.74 mM−1·S−1). In summary, HydS14 is a thermostable esterase from Actinomadura sp. S14 that has been cloned and expressed for the first time in Pichia pastoris.
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