How teachers perform and react to the world-wide pandemic and how the epidemic affects an education system may also be used as new conditions to consider the way to enhance SDG4 in developing countries. Regarding that concern, this study investigated 294 teachers’ perspective on their teaching effectiveness and satisfaction during COVID-19. The findings underlined the significant roles of support from various stakeholders, school readiness toward digital transformation, and teachers’ anxiety over teacher satisfaction. Notably, teachers’ newly absorbed technological and pedagogical skills do elevate their teaching effectiveness but do not lead to higher satisfaction during the pandemic.

<p style="text-align: justify;">The learning management system (LMS) is a crucial component of the e-learning transformation which is becoming more urgent amid the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The issue of adopting LMS is even more decisive in developing countries, where lots of efforts have been put out to broaden educational opportunities. However, there has not yet been any comprehensive analysis of how LMS-related issues are examined in these countries. To address this gap, this study uses the bibliometric method to construct an overview of research on this topic. The results unveil the distribution of the literature, prominent actors, and dominant themes in the literature of LMS in developing countries. In summary, the topic is a robustly potential research matter. Future researchers can use this study as a starter when investigating relevant subjects.</p>

Summary Objectives: To emphasize the importance of the view of business process management for development and implementation of clinical pathways, and to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing cost and effort as well as enhancing patient satisfaction. Methods: We describe the development and implementation of pathways with methods of process management and the design and realization of an evaluation study in the setting of a surgical department. For this study 67 patients treated without clinical pathways were compared with 62 patients treated using pathways. Results: The approach explicitly enhances the development and implementation of clinical pathways. The introduction of pathways reduces length of hospital stay, number of laboratory tests, number of consultations, and number of imaging procedures. Patient satisfaction is improved. Conclusions: Depending on design and setting, the introduction of clinical pathways may be a very promising method to improve the inpatient service at a hospital and so to react to the challenges of increasing competition in medical care.

Continuing education has increased in importance and popularity in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam as a means of ensuring a sustained and qualified workforce for the region. This research was conducted to investigate the input and output of continuing education through distance learning and face-to-face courses at selected institutions in the Mekong Delta. Institutional strategies and capacity in managing continuing education via two-course types were examined. The two main methods employed were demographic data analyses and quantitative analyses with a questionnaire of 70 Likert items distributed to 100 teachers and 20 administrators. The findings revealed an increase in the input quantity and quality of CE and the small gap between distance learning and face-to-face output. Regulatory management, finance, and promotion were the contents identified as areas that need improvement in managing continuing education; yet the unbalanced capacities of different sectors, favoring business and management, remained.

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