Ambulance vehicles play a vital role in sustaining the life of injured persons and should a provide safe transportation route to the medical institution. Transportation of injured patients in severe/critical conditions should be carried out with high caution, as there is no guarantee that patients' health will not be harmed. The goal of this study is to minimize exposure to the external factors such as random shocks, sharp jumps, vibrations caused by irregular roads, speed breakers, weather, etc., that could influence the tasking ability of the medical team and further threaten the life of the already injured patient. This topic has not been widely researched and still requires implementation of novel standards that should improve the safety of the patient. This article aims to define the biomechanics of cabin occupant safety, introduce ways of collecting live data and develop new mechanisms that would allow safer transportation of patients without any meaningful health deterioration causing by the above-mentioned external factors. This study will identify safety hazards in the ambulance environment and determine the effectiveness of suggested countermeasures to mitigate any further injury or deterioration of the patient's health.
By comparing the results of a pilot study of the damping coefficient of a pneumatic tire carried out on a test bench, this study justifies the possibility of using the less time-consuming experimental resonance curve method instead of the dynamic loop method. A mathematical model of the vertical oscillations of avehicle’sdynamic system “pneumatic wheel-suspension-sprung weight”was created on the test-bench, and an image of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the sprung weight oscillation was obtained. The approaches and results of the pilot and analytical studies presented in the article aid the selection of the tire with the best damping properties. The use of the experimental resonance curve method to determine the damping characteristic of a vehicle’s tire is limited in the external frequency range of the resonant frequencies. In this case, we have to use the dynamic loop method.
The paper proposes a generalized logistic model of the urban passenger transportation system, and on its basis, there has been developed a modified model that allows for determining a set of organizational and economic indicators in each state of a system. To solve the optimization problem of the transportation process system under conditions of dynamically changing passenger traffic flows, there has been justified searching for a balance between the effectiveness and quality of solutions due to the «survival of the strongest alternative solutions» y to earn system of operational control buses on the route. There has been proven the advantage of using genetic algorithm to optimize the processes of organizing and managing the system of urban passenger transport with the aim of maximizing the profits of an enterprise at minimal cost.
The paper dwells on a mathematical model of the logistical system of transport services for persons with disabilities, and there have been analyzed factors that affect the time spent on their transportation. When developing methodology for optimizing the time costs of passenger transport of persons with disabilities, the following two basic transportation services have been taken into account: (a) "social taxi", which will transport only people with special health; (b) a vehicle system in combination with urban passenger transport, which will transport representatives of the group of people with restricted mobility together with all other passengers. The study found that in the case of insufficient accessibility to the required environment, by the increase in the demand of disabled people for transportation by "social taxi", travelling costs are increased that results in increasing total costs of the carrier. Based on a comparative analysis of logistical costs, optimum relationship between the number of the adapted buses and "social taxi" on the route under study has been established.
With a view to determining the dynamics and possible trauma sustained by a disabled person in a wheelchair in the passenger compartment of a bus, a physical model has been developed. The system, as the time function, generalized in the coordinates X(t), (t), was described by second-order Lagrangian differential equations. The proposed mathematical model allows for determining the motion characteristics of disabled people in a wheelchair in a bus that can cause injuries. This paper presents the curves of the change in coordinates of the angular velocity of the head and its center of gravity, as well as the curve of the change in the angle between the femur and the wheelchaior seat, through mathematical modeling and an experiment.
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