No abstract

Objective: To explore the effect of an intentional Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) program on peer-tutors and peer-tutees for performance on specific psychomotor skills. Design and Setting: Randomized, pretest-posttest experimental design. Participants: Undergraduate students (N = 69, 42 females and 27 males, all participants were 18 to 22 years old, 19.5±1.2) enrolled in the professional phase of an accredited Athletic Training Education Program. Measurements: Pretest and posttest performance for the peer-tutors and post-peer interaction for the peer-tutees on identified therapeutic modality and orthopedic assessment psychomotor skill sets. Peer-tutors were randomly assigned to one of four groups; PAL only (PAL), PAL and the focused review session (PAL+), focused review session only (REV), and a control group (CON). Peer-tutees were randomly assigned to interact with the peer-tutors from the PAL and PAL+ or no interaction as a control group. Pretest-posttest percentage correct average changes for the peer tutors were analyzed with an ANOVA. Results: The pretest-posttest skill scores were found to be significantly different for the peer-tutors (F3,102 = 4.703; P = .004). Post-hoc means comparison revealed significant differences between the peer-tutor groups PAL versus CON, PAL+ versus CON, and REV versus CON. Analysis of the peer-tutee means revealed no significant differences (PAL; .906 ± .087, PAL+; .918 ± .077, and Control; .881 ± .061). Conclusion: These data suggest that peer interaction can increase student skill performance scores for the peer-tutors. A visual review of the means indicates a trend of increased skill level for the peer-tutees that received peer-tutoring from the PAL+ peer tutors. No significant difference was found with the REV group. It would appear from the peer-tutor perspective that a focused review session has more of an effect on student learning than peer interaction.

Cryptogenic stroke is a form of cerebral vascular accident that has an unknown origin and is rarely associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine headaches. This is an uncommon occurrence in young, healthy, active adults, and it is increasingly rare for the episode to occur during an athletic competition. Stroke is easily recognizable with its distinct signs and symptoms, but it is also easily confused with many of its differential diagnoses, such as seizures or head trauma, if the episode occurs during an athletic competition. This case report describes the stroke episode, incidence of migraine headaches, diagnostic testing, and surgical management of a college female volleyball athlete who suffered a cryptogenic stroke associated with PFO during an athletic competition. Diagnostic testing included magnetic resonance imaging with contrast, electroencephalograph, lower extremity Doppler testing, and a transesophageal echocardiograph with agitated saline study. Surgical correction of the PFO included a cardiac catheterization percutaneous procedure based on fluoroscopic and echocardiograph imaging. After release from physicians, the athlete returned to full participation in the sport of volleyball, where she competed for the next 2 years without complications. The patient has reported no symptoms from stroke or PFO closure procedure in 3 years, and migraine headaches have decreased in severity, frequency, and duration.

No abstract

Manystudies have beenconducted onfastingduring the monthof Ramadan;however, their resultswerevastly inconsistent.Itis importanttonote thatnone of these studiescontrolledor evenmonitoredphysical activityandfoodintake.PurposeThisstudy willdetermineifintermittentfastingwillaffectbody composition, blood lipid profile,glucose, blood proteins and hormones.MethodsEight healthyathletemales participatedinthisstudy.Weight,height andbody compositionofallsubjectswererecordedatbaselineoneday before Ramadan(D1),after ten daysof fastingRamadan(D10) andtwenty‐eightdaysof fastingRamadan (D28). All data was analyzed using 1x3 repeatedmeasuresANOVA(p<.05).ResultsThere wassignificantdecreasein bodymassandLeanbody masscomparingD28withD1andD10.Vigorousactivityand ModerateactivityweresignificantlydecreaseatD10andD28ofRamadan. Thepercentagewhichrecommendeddietary allowancesof caloriesfromproteinshowedsignificantdecreaseatD10andD28comparetoD1.Inaddition,the percentage of calories fromcarbohydrate showedsignificant increaseatD10andD28comparetoD1.FastedGlucoselevelsweresignificantly increasedat D10compareto D1. Glucagondecreasesignificantly at D10, but not at D28.Inaddition,Albumin levelsweresignificantlyloweratD10andD28compareto D1;however,all measurements were stillwithinnormal/healthrange.ConclusionResultsshowthelevelofphysicalactivity andfoodintakeare majorcontributingfactorsonthereductioninbodyweight.Overall,thesefindingsindicatenohealthriskforfastingthe month of Ramadan.

No abstract