The cemetery is located in the south-west of Pottenbrunn, on plot "Steinfeld" (15°41´05"/48°13´55"). Discovered in 1930, it had already yielded objects dating to the early La Tène period. In 1981, road construction revealed further finds which initiated rescue excavations by the Bundesdenkmalamt (State Office for Protection of Historical Monuments) under the guidance of J.-W. Neugebauer (Ramsl 2002a(Ramsl , 13) in 1981(Ramsl and 1982. A total of 42 graves with 45 burials (single and double inhumations, and cremations) have been documented. Some burials were severely disturbed (by ancient activities such as grave robbing and/or contemporary construction work), and some were set within fenced enclosures ("Grabgärten"). Three (of 22) samples of charcoal and bone fragments taken by Peter Stadler (Department of Prehistory, Natural History Museum Vienna) in the course of the FWFproject "Absolute Chronology for Early Civilisations in Austria and Central Europe" returned AMS dates of 410-200 cal BCE (grave 520), 550-200 cal BCE (grave 565) and 380-350 cal BCE (grave 1005) (Ramsl 2002b, 359). The cremation burials were not included in the initial osteological analysis, but 31 inhumed individuals were studied (Gerold 2002). Petrous bones from three of these were successfully analyzed for aDNA. Sample I11699 (female) derived from an individual (inv. no. 26.238) aged c. 20 years in grave 89 which, despite disturbance in antiquity, was accompanied by fibulae and ceramic vessels. Sample I11701 (male) derived from an individual (inv. no. 26.249) aged c. 18 years in grave 570, which also included shears, fibulae, and ceramic vessels. Evidence for bone porosity in the mandible and maxilla suggest possible Vitamin C deficiency, while enamel hypoplasia points to malnutrition or illness during childhood. Sample I11708 (female) derived from an individual (inv.no. 26.250) aged c. 25-35 years in grave 574/2, who was richly adorned with fibulae, bronze, iron and silver-rings, an amber ring, a bracelet, a glass bead, and a worked bone artefact.
This article reports on an example of early archaeobotanical evidence for beer-making in Iron Age South-Eastern France. An archaeological sample from a fifth century BC house at the site of Roquepertuse produced a concentration of carbonized barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains. The sample was taken from the floor of the dwelling, close to a hearth and an oven. The barley grains are predominantly sprouted and we argue that the assemblage represents the remains of deliberate malting. Malt was most likely related to beer-brewing. The neighboring oven could have been used to stop the germination process at the desired level by drying or roasting the grain. Beermaking evidence in Roquepertuse is discussed in the context of the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the Iron Age Western Mediterranean using archaeological and historical data.
Mots-clés. Protohistoire, époques grecque et romaine, parcellaires, plantations de vignes, traces de culture, défonçage agricole, échalas. Keywords. Protohistory, Greek and Roman periods, field system, vineyards, traces of cultivation, land break up, vine-props. Résumé. Avec le développement de l'archéologie de sauvetage au-delà des sites d'habitat, il est de plus en plus fréquent de rencontrer des traces de plantations antiques et préromaines. Les morphologies et les distances observées dans le Midi autorisent des interprétations en termes de viticulture et invitent à une relecture des textes agronomiques. Dans les cas les plus favorables (étendue de la fouille, faible recouvrement sédimentaire et bon contraste des sédiments), il est possible de restituer l'organisation de quelques domaines viticoles. Abstract. With the development of rescue excavations outside urban sites, we now often find traces ofpre-Roman vineyards. The morphologies and distances observed in the South allow interpretations on viticulture and a new reading of the agronomical texts. In the most favourable cases (extensive excavation, thin sedimentary covering and high contrasts of the deposits), we can make a restitution of some wineries organization.
The examination of all of the stratigraphical data, along with the study of un- stratified material culture and recently excavated material, allows us to propose the first chronology for the site at Roquepertuse. The seven identified phases of occupation between the Neolithic and the transition from the third to the second century BC reveals the temporal succession of a series of structures : the establishment of the fortification, the construction of public place, the spread of the settlement to its maximum size during the mid-third century BC, followed by its contraction and then a change in function. New evidence regarding the date of the lapidary features is also presented.
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