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Several disciplines have investigated the interconnected empathic abilities behind the proverb "to walk a mile in someone else's shoes" to determine how the presence, and absence, of empathy-related phenomena affect prosocial behavior and intergroup relations. Empathy enables us to learn from others' pain and to know when to offer support. Similarly, virtual reality (VR) appears to allow individuals to step into someone else's shoes, through a perceptual illusion called embodiment, or the body ownership illusion. Considering these perspectives, we propose a theoretical analysis of different mechanisms of empathic practices in order to define a possible framework for the design of empathic training in VR. This is not intended to be an extensive review of all types of practices, but an exploration of empathy and empathy-related phenomena. Empathyrelated training practices are analyzed and categorized. We also identify different variables used by pioneer studies in VR to promote empathy-related responses. Finally, we propose strategies for using embodied VR technology to train specific empathy-related abilities.

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A 6 STRACT Phase relations and mineral chemistry for garnet (Grt), orthopyroxene (Opx), sapphirine (Spr), water-undersaturated cordierite (Crd), osumilite (Osu), sillimanite (Sil), K-feldspar (Kfs), quartz (Qtz) and a water-undersaturated liquid (Liq) have been determined experimentally in the system KFMASH (K20-Fe0-Mg0-A1203-Si0,-H,0) under low PHz0 and fs conditions. Four compositions have been studied with 100 [Mg/(Mg + Fe)] ranging from 65.6 to 89.7. Based on our experimental data, a P-T grid is derived for the KFMASH system in the presence of quartz, orthopyroxene and liquid. Osumilite has been found in various mineral assemblages from 950 to 1100°C and 7.5 to 11 kbar. In the temperature range 1OOO-1100" C, the pair 0s-Grt is stable over a pressure range of about 3 kbar. The divariant reaction 0 s + Opx = Grt + Kfs + Qtz runs to the right with increasing pressure. Because osumilite is the most magnesian phase it is restricted to Mg-rich compositions at high pressure. The reaction defining the upper pressure stability limit of 0s-Grt is located around 11 kbar with a nearly flat dP/dT slope over the temperature range 950-1100" C. Over the entire temperature range investigated osumilite is not stable beyond 12 kbar. The data imply a restricted pressure range between 11 and 12 kbar for the stability of the assemblage 0s-Opx-Sil-Kfs-Qtz. At 1050" C and above, osumilite occurs in various mineral assemblages together with the high-T pair Spr-Qtz. When coexisting with garnet, orthopyroxene or sapphirine, osumilite is always the most magnesian phase. At 1050 and 1100" C, liquid is invariably the most Fe-rich phase in the run product.Our data support a theoretical P -T grid for the KFMAS system in which osumilite is stable outside the field of the high-T assemblage Spr-Qtz. Moreover, our grid indicates that 0s-Opx-Sil-Kfs-Qtz has a more restricted pressure and compositional stability domain than 0s-Grt, in agreement with natural occurrences. Osumilite is stable over a large pressure range, such that in Mg-rich rocks, and at high temperature, it can occur at any depth in normal thickness continental crust.

The Al-Mg-rich granulites from the In Ouzzal craton, Algeria, show a great diversity of mineral reactions which correspond to continuous equilibria as predicted by phase relationships in the Fe0-Mg0-A1,03-SiO, system. The sequence of mineral reactions can be subdivided into three distinct stages: (1) a highd stage characterized by the growth of coarse mineral assemblages involving sapphirine and the disappearance of early corundum and spinel-bearing assemblages; (2) a high-T stage characterized by the development of Sa-Qz-bearing assemblages; and (3) a later stage, in which garnet-bearing assemblages are replaced by more or less fine symplectites involving cordierite.During the course of early mineral reactions, the distribution coefficient, K d , between the various ferromagnesian phases decreased significantly whereas A1203 in pyroxene increased concomitantly. These observations, when combined with topological constraints, clearly indicate that the high-P stage 1 was accompanied by a significant rise in temperature (estimated at 150 f 50" C) under near isobaric conditions, in agreement with the reaction textures. By stage 2, pressure and temperature were extreme as evidenced by the low K , value between orthopyroxene and garnet (K, = 2.06-1.99), the high alumina content in pyroxene (up to 11.8%) and the high magnesium content in garnet [lo0 Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 60.61. Mineral thermometry based on Fe-Mg exchange between garnet and pyroxene and on Al-solubility in pyroxene gives temperatures close to 970 f 70" C at 10 f 1.5 kbar. These results are in agreement with the development of Sa-Qz assemblages on a local scale.Late mineral reactions have been produced during a decompression stage from about 9 to 6 kbar. Except for local re-equilibration of Mg and Fe at grain boundaries, there is no evidence for further reactions below 700" C.We interpreted the whole set of mineral reactions as due to changes in pressure and temperature during a tectonic episode located at c. 2 Ga. Because of the lack of evidence for further uplift after the thermal relaxation which occurred at c. 6 kbar, it is possible however that the exhumation of this granulitic terrane occurred in a later tectonic event unrelated to its formation.

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