Three-dimensional data analysis of MR images acquired with STS or FS allows accurate and reproducible volumetric quantification of articular cartilage in the knee.
The purpose of this study was to examine the commonly available methods of noninvasively assessing bone mineral status across three defined female populations to examine their interrelationships, compare their respective abilities to reflect age-and menopause-related bone loss, discriminate osteoporotic fractures, and classify patients diagnostically. A total of 47 healthy premenopausal (age 33 ؎ 7 years), 41 healthy postmenopausal (age 64 ؎ 9 years), and 36 osteoporotic postmenopausal (age 70 ؎ 6 years) women were examined with the following techniques: (1) . Despite these performance trends, the differences among sites and techniques were statistically insignificant ( p > 0.05) using age-adjusted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Nevertheless, kappa score analysis (using ؊2.0 T score as the cut-off value for osteopenia and ؊2.5 T score for osteoporosis) showed that in general the diagnostic agreement among these measurements in classifying women as osteopenic or osteoporotic was poor, with kappa scores averaging about 0.4 (exceptions were QCT TRAB/ INTG BMD, DXA LAT BMD, and RA PHAL BMD, with kappa scores ranging from 0.63 to 0.89). Often different patients were estimated at risk by using different measurement sites or techniques. (J Bone Miner Res 1997;12:697-711)
Normalized apparent diffusion coefficients are more accurate in differentiating between viable and necrotic tumor than are T2 relaxation times or relative signal intensity increases on contrast-enhanced images. Signal intensity overlap between viable and necrotic tumor on gadolinium-enhanced images may be caused by the small molecular size of the agent, which permeates the interstitial space freely, thereby also enhancing necrosis. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging depicts differences in diffusion and, ultimately, in membrane integrity between viable and necrotic tumor and may be used to monitor tumor viability during treatment.
Labral tears and cartilage loss are common in patients with mechanical symptoms in the hip. Cartilage loss, labral tears and BME appear interrelated and may represent important risk factors that may affect the development and progression of osteoarthritis in the hip joint.
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