The presentation of RDD as an anterior subperiosteal orbital mass with bone involvement has, to the authors' knowledge, not been previously reported. We describe a case of Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) presenting as an anterior superolateral subperiosteal orbital mass with erosion of overlying bone mimicking eosinophilic granuloma. It was debulked using endoscopic-guided curettage and the patient was given both local and systemic corticosteroids. Careful histological analysis revealed the diagnosis of RDD and the patient remains asymptomatic and recurrence free at 16 months follow-up. Involvement of the pituitary gland, a recognized yet unusual finding in this condition was also noted. RDD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue mass of the superolateral orbit.
This article examines the issue of patent quality in the Financial Technology (FinTech) field and proposes a way of assessing patent quality through the development of a patent quality index based on key indicators proposed in the literature. The index uses a sample of 16 387 patents in the FinTech field registered over 20 years to assess the average quality of patents. To illustrate the utility of the index, the 1) top geographic jurisdictions, 2) top technical domains, and 3) leading organizations were analyzed to map out patterns of intellectual property registration and protection. This article provides significant insights on leading patent jurisdictions, illustrating the growing impact on FinTech of jurisdictions, such as the Republic of Korea, and the focus of patents within the USA in particular domains, such as payment protocols, e-commerce, and identification mechanisms. This article contributes to both theory and practice through the development and validation of a novel patent quality index, which has significant utility to multiple stakeholders and advances knowledge on assessing patent quality. Furthermore, by surfacing a positive association between the quality of an organization's FinTech patents and earnings, the article illustrates the value to organizations in developing high-quality patents in this field.
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