D e p a r t m e n t of A n t i t o m y , University of Otago, D z m e d i n , N e w ZealandKEY WORDS Pelvis . Pre-auricular groove f Pregnancy change.
ABSTRACTTwo forms of pre-auricular groove may be distinguished on the iliac bone. One form occurs in both male and female, and marks the attachment of the inferior part of the ventral sacro-iliac ligament. The second form is found only in some female pelves. It resembles the markings of pregnancy and childbirth on the posterior aspect of the pubic symphysis, and like them is a result of the physiological and pathological changes occurring at the site of attachment of the pelvic joint ligaments during this time. However, because of the greater strain borne by the sacro-iliac joints, the pre-auricular groove, in conjunction with the marking of the interosseous ligament of the joint, is a more sensitive indicator of past pregnancy and childbirth than is the pubic bone.
Interpretations of skeletal anatomy claiming to show that Neandertals could not have had a similar supralaryngeal vocal apparatus to that of humans are demonstrated to be flawed. Correction of the errors suggests that the Neandertal vocal apparatus need not have differed from that of recent humans.
The Polynesian people who settled a wide area of the tropical Pacific have a large and muscular body phenotype that appears to contradict the classical biological rules of Bergmann and Allen. However, a scrutiny of the conditions actually experienced by these canoe voyagers and small-island dwellers suggests that in reality the oceanic environment is labile and frequently very cold, and from it tribal technology offered little protection. The Polynesian phenotype is considered to be appropriate to, and have undergone selection for, this oceanic environment.
Most adult Polynesian mandibles are of the rocker form. Polynesian crania possess a very open cranial base angle and a large upper facial height. The mandibular growth rotations necessary to maintain occlusion in the presence of this cranial morphology lead to development of an exceptionally closed ramus-body angle, with consequent loss of the antegonial notch and appearance of the rocker form.
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