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Nitrate and diazinon pesticide is among the environmental challenges which enter water resources, mostly as a result of agricultural activities. In this study, the effects of diazinon concentration, nitrate concentration and pH on the efficiency of simultaneous removal of contaminants from polluted water were investigated, applying a commercial polyamide nanofilter. Each factor was considered in three levels where diazinon concentration, nitrate concentration and solution pH were in the range of 10-1,000 μg/L, 40-160 mg/L and 5-9, respectively. The experiments were conducted at constant pressure of 6 bar. The response surface method was adopted in the experimental design to obtain the impact of mentioned factors. It was found that increasing diazinon concentration and pH enhance the pesticide removal efficiency up to 94%, while increasing nitrate concentration increases the commercial nanofilter efficiency from 80 to 85%. The diazinon removal percentage at optimum condition was estimated to be about 93% at diazinon concentration of about 90 μg/L, nitrate concentration of about 80 mg/L and pH of 9.

The organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) has a high potential for converting to ethanol. Hydrothermal pretreatment was conducted for the solubilization of the starch fraction as well as pretreatment of the lignocellulosic fraction. The treatment liquor, which was rich in starch, was evaluated for ethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Solid phase was subjected to a solid-state simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSSF) process to obtain high titer of ethanol, leading to several advantages, e.g., lower energy and water consumption as well as lower wastewater effluent. Hydrothermal pretreatment of OFMSW at 160 °C and 20% (w/w) solid loading for 30 min resulted in a liquor containing 124 g/L soluble starch. Both liquor and solid fractions were then subjected to ethanol production and 81 g/L ethanol was obtained.

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