Training above 1800 m causes increases in hemoglobin, erythropoietin and VO2max values in the bodies of athletes. The purpose of this study is to prove that living at an altitude of 1850 m and training at 2200 m (LHTH+) is more effective than living and training at 2000 m (LHTH). Ten endurance athletes (age 21.2 ± 1.5 years, body mass 55.8 ± 4.3 kg, height 169 ± 6 cm, performance 3000 m 8:35 ± 0:30 min) performed three training sessions of 30 days, in three different situations: [1] living and training at 2000 m altitude (LHTH), [2] living at 1850 m and training at 2200 m (LHTH+), and [3] living and training at 300 m (LLTL). The differences in erythropoietin (EPO), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and VO2max values were compared before and at the end of each training session. Data analysis indicated that LHTH training caused an increase in EPO values (by 1.0 ± 0.8 mU/mL, p = 0.002 < 0.05.); Hb (by 1.1 ± 0.3 g/dL, p < 0.001); VO2max (by 0.9 ± 0.23 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001). LHTH+ training caused an increase in EPO values (by 1.9 ± 0.5 mU/ML, p < 0.001); Hb (by 1.4 ± 0.5 g/dL, p < 0.001); VO2max (by 1.7 ± 0.3 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001). At the LLTL training, EPO values do not have a significant increase (p = 0.678 > 0.050; 1 ± 0.1 mU/mL, 0.1 ± 0.9%.), Hb (0.1 ± 0.0 g/dL, 0.3 ± 0.3%), VO2max (0.1 ± 0.1, 0.2 ± 0.2%, p = 0.013 < 0.05). Living and training at altitudes of 2000 m (LHTH) and living at 1850 m training at 2200 m (LHTH+) resulted in significant improvements in EPO, Hb, and VO2max that exceeded the changes in these parameters, following traditional training at 300 m (LLTL). LHTH+ training has significantly greater changes than LHTH training, favorable to increasing sports performance. The results of this study can serve as guidelines for athletic trainers in their future work, in the complete structure of multi-year planning and programming, and thus improve the process of development and performance training.
The purpose of this study was to identify foot typology in senior individuals using barapodometry as an evaluation tool. 20 individuals, with a mean age of 74,35 years (15 female and 5 male), were enrolled in the study. Methodology: By utilizing the P-Walk method to assess the 12 variables in both static and dynamic ways, we discovered that there are no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Just 15% of the elderly without neurological problems have a normal foot, while the remaining 85% have a pes cavus. 25% of participants in the Parkinson's disease group have normal feet, 5% have flat feet, and 70% have pes cavus.
Covid-19 pandemic raised many difficulties in all life’s domains across the globe. The need to adapt was omnipresent and accelerated the emergence of novelty or innovative approaches. Online education for the students enrolled into the 2020/2021 university year was a bigger challenge than for any others. This generation has finished high school in a traditional face to face system and instead of having to deal only with the ordinary challenges of transitioning to face to face college, they’ve been forced to add to it the novelty and uncertainty of the online education during pandemic. The aim of the present research was to identify how pandemic influenced aspects of our college freshman’s life and if they differentiated between positive and negative. Data processing was done with the help of IBM SPSS Text Analytics for Surveys. Following our demarche, we can conclude that our respondents faced numerous negative aspects in this period of their lives due to the pandemic, but the worst of them referred to social, psychological and educational aspects. The positive side of this period from the perspective of our respondents was time, which was used to consolidate connections with family, friends and self. The presence of a pronounced negatively triangle between the general state, social interaction and psychological risks and existence of eight positive categories with a low density of answers, in contrast to nine negative ones with a high density, makes us believe that the effects of this pandemic upon our respondents were rather negative than positive.
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