Purpose. To determine the idea and efficiency of the WTO toolkit as a resource to prevent and regulate trade disputes arising in the process of interstate trade and economic cooperation.Methodology. Methods of analysis and synthesis, used to systemize data concerning inflow of notifications and applications, intended to regulate trade disputes within the WTO during 1995-2018, have become a methodological basis of the research. For malization of criteria of the WTO toolkit efficient use is implemented with the help of mathematical modeling method; and a method of static analysis is applied to support a rising linear trend in the context of the dynamics of annual number of the WTO notifications during 1995-2018.findings. The defining role by the WTO in the process of interstate trade and economic cooperation is substantiated. It is dem onstrated that minimization of the number of interstate disputes in the trade sphere as well as their intensity degree is the objective of the WTO toolkit use. The idea of notification system and mechanism to regulate trade disputes as the key components of the toolkit preventing them within the WTO is considered. An efficiency criterion of the WTO notification system as the increased number of the applied notifications is identified; its execution during 1995-2018 is confirmed. Both static and dynamic criteria of the efficiency of the mechanism, resolving trade disputes by the WTO, are proposed. Prevailing execution of the static criterion is supported which speaks for the efficiency of the mechanism to regulate disputes as the tool of the WTO global trade. Nonexecution of the dynamic criterion is demonstrated which may be interpreted as a lack of cumulative effect by the accumulated practices in tended to regulate trade disputes. Complex criterion of the WTO toolkit efficient use is proposed; its execution during 1995-2018 is analyzed. Priority tendencies to regulate interstate trade and economic cooperation on the part of the WTO are determined. originality. For the first time, methodological approach to evaluate efficiency of the WTO toolkit as a resource to regulate in terstate trade and economic cooperation has been proposed. The approach is based upon the following: substantiation of such ef ficiency criteria use for trade protection as a notification system and a mechanism to regulate trade disputes by the WTO; formation of a complex efficiency criterion to apply for regulation of trade disputes by the WTO; formulation of complex criterion of efficient use of the WTO tools; determination of quantative equivalents of the proposed criteria, and analysis of their execution during 1995-2018.Practical value. The proposed methodological approach may be applied to evaluate efficiency of the WTO toolkit concerning the global trade regulation as for the prevention and negotiation of interstate trade disputes.
The purpose of the article is to define and argue the key criteria and directions of foreign trade policy, which become crucial in conditions of country’s integration into global value chains, as well as to reveal the impact of major regulatory barriers to trade that prevent Ukraine’s integration into global value chains. The subject-matter of the study is the peculiarities of foreign trade regulation under global value chains expansion. Methodology. The methodological principles of research involve the joint application of a set of well-known common scientific methods, as well as special research methods in economics, such as the method of system and structural analysis to generalize spheres, directions, and tools of GVC-friendly trade regulation. Results. The essence of global value chains as a modern concept for international trade analysis is revealed. New approaches to trade and economic policy aimed at improving the country’s participation in global value chains are analysed. Key spheres, in which bottlenecks for global value chains usually occur, are investigated. The growing importance of liberalization of trade in services in order to integrate into GVC successfully is stressed. Main barriers that prevent the Ukrainian economy from effective integration into GVC are outlined. Basic shortcomings in Ukraine’s export control system that constrain the expansion of the country’s exports of dual-use goods and technologies are outlined. Practical implications. The article contains a comprehensive set of tools and regulations to revise approaches, directions, and efficiency criteria of governmental foreign trade policy according to global value chains concept. Value/originality. Identified requirements for foreign trade policy allowed investigating the effectiveness and perspectives of Ukraine’s trade and investment regime from a GVC point of view.
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