The study is devoted to the expander turbine rotation speed regulator, considering the possibility of implementing this regulator on microprocessor automation tools. The use of expander-generator units in general improves energy saving indicators, and the ability to maintain the turbine shaft rotation speed within the specified limits, in turn, directly affects the indicators of the quality of the generated electricity. The expander turbine, as a control object, is described by non-linear equations, which determines the possibility of using regulators of different designs, and requires the selection of the most suitable one according to certain criteria. As part of the study, based on the tasks of practical implementation of the regulator on microprocessor devices, the expediency of reducing the transfer function of the model in the process of identifying the control object was confirmed. As a result of research on an experimental setup, it is shown that the use of a three-position relay regulator allows for regulation dynamics at the level of a classic PID regulator. An important result of the research is the stabilization of the turbine rotation speed, which affects the parameters of the electricity generated by the generator. The description of the control object was linearized by constructing a family of transfer functions for the operating points of the control range. For the construction of the turbine rotation speed regulator, the criterion of "minimum fluctuation of the parameter when changing its set value" is proposed. A regulator for a non-linear object with oscillatory features is built, which has a simple implementation and a cycle time of 1 ms. It makes it possible to reduce rotation speed fluctuations to 5 % and minimize the impact of rotation process disturbances
Object of study: Automation of control of technological parameters of the process of low-temperature separation (LTS) of moisture from a gas stream. Investigated problem: Improving the efficiency of the separation process when preparing gas for transportation through the consumption network. Development of hardware and software tools that provide automation of the process of regulating flow parameters under conditions of action of time-varying disturbances. Main scientific results: A criterion for controlling the LTS process of a gas flow is formulated. The difference in the dynamic characteristics of the processes occurring during the separation of moisture makes it possible to effectively use a two-circuit control system. The perspective of using extreme regulators (ER) of the process, which is characterized by time delays between the input of the object and its output, is substantiated. The use of ER ensures the stability of the control process under the influence of disturbances in the parameters of the gas flow. In the MATLAB environment, an ER model has been developed, in which a step-type algorithm is used, which provides an increase in the efficiency of the LTS process in accordance with the selected criterion The area of practical use of research results: The scope of use of the research results are automation objects that need continuous automatic tracking of the changing settings of the process parameters regulators. The studies carried out make it possible to use the proposed regulator in various technological installations for drying gas and air (with appropriate identification of the parameters of the object). Innovative technological product: Based on the formed criterion for controlling the LTS process, which is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the LTS process of moisture from a gas flow, a microprocessor-based step-type ER has been developed. Preliminary tests of the regulator show that it can be implemented on commercially available program logic controllers on the market. Scope of application of an innovative technological product: The considered ER can be used to construct control systems for oil and gas transportation processes, which require adaptation and optimization modes to flow parameters. In this case, the need for adaptation is dictated by changes in flow parameters over time.
The object of research: The expander of the excess gas pressure utilization plant. Investigated problem: Increasing the efficiency of the process of utilization of excess gas pressure during its distribution from main high-pressure gas pipelines. Development of hardware and software tools that provide automation of the process of regulating flow parameters under the influence of time-varying disturbances. The main scientific results: A mathematical model of the process of utilization of excess gas pressure has been developed, and an experimental assessment of its adequacy has been carried out. With the help of the Matlab application “Linear Analysis Points”, the description of the object is linearized, which makes it possible to obtain its representation in the state space. The area of practical use of the research results: The sphere of application of the results of the study is automation objects related to the regulation of gas flow parameters. The results of identification of model parameters provide an opportunity for the synthesis of the process controller. Innovative technological product: In accordance with the task of increasing the efficiency of the process of utilization of excess gas pressure when it is distributed from the main high-pressure gas pipelines, a mathematical model of the channel for controlling the speed of rotation of the turbine (expander) has been developed, which serves as the basis for the synthesis of the regulator for the utilization process. Scope of the innovative technological product: The developed model can be used in the construction of turbine speed controllers, which are used in the generation of electricity. The approach to the linearization of the description of the control object makes it possible to automate the process of identifying its parameters.
Метою роботи є отримання необхідних даних для розробки системи підйому платформи стріли будівельного 3D-принтера, що дозволить підвищити точність позиціювання за рахунок оптимізації режимів роботи обладнання. Реалізація поставленої мети передбачає вирішення завдань: розробки математичної моделі електромеханічного перетворювача, що забезпечує точне переміщення платформи стріли будівельного 3D-принтеру на базі вибраної електричної машини; дослідження взаємозв’язку конструктивно- технологічних параметрів системи підйому; формування засад побудови схеми керування електроприводом та гідроприводом, що забезпечує утримання заданої позиції в підйомних гідроприводах. Методологія вирішення поставленого завдання полягає в імітаційному моделюванні процесу переміщення гідроприводів платформи завдяки зміни тиску в гідравлічній системі за допомогою насосу і крокового двигуна в якості приводу. Використані методи теорії автоматичного керування електричними апаратами, перетворень Лапласа, методи теорії електроприводу, електричного та магнітного поля, теорії гідромеханіки і математичного моделювання. Наукова новизна. В ході виконання роботи створено методику побудови електроприводу системи підйому платформи будівельного 3D-принтеру і отримання характеристик приводу на основі крокового двигуна в середовищі Matlab/Simulink. Висновки. Основним результатом досліджень є підвищення точності позиціонування висоти платформи стріли будівельного 3D-принтера завдяки опрацюванню режимів роботи крокового двигуна у складі електроприводу гідравлічної системи підйому. Розроблена модель каналу керування позиціонуванням стріли будівельного 3D-принтера, досліджені алгоритми керування кроковим двигуном по зміні витрат робочого середовища, продуктивність і точність під час позиціювання платформи стріли. Модель дозволяє впровадити запропоновані методи моделювання для інших контурів керування об’єктом.
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