Studies of preparations that decrease oxidative stress and, as a consequence, that can prevent or reduce the development of alcoholic liver disease are relevant. A wide range of drugs, the bioprotective effect of which is studied, in its action is associated with natural antioxidant systems. Therefore, the study of the features of these systems is necessary for the effective development of bio protectors. The aim is to analyze changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of amino acids involved in antioxidant mechanisms in the presence of alcohol-induced stress in rats. In the presence of alcohol-induced oxidative stress, there are changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of amino acids (methionine, serine, taurine), which are involved in the mechanisms of antioxidant protection - cycles of S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione. A slight increase in methionine levels in the blood serum of animals of the experimental group and disruption of the recovery cycle of methionine under alcohol-induced oxidative stress are arguments for the ineffectiveness of S-adenosylmethionine as a bioprotective substance. The same decrease in the level of serine (by 15%) and taurine (by 13%), and analysis of literature data, may be indicate the "secondary" nature of glutathione as an antioxidant compared to taurine.
The use of betaine as a bioactive substance remains relevant due to its role in methylation processes (including methionine), antioxidant protection of cells for lipid metabolism, participation in anti-inflammatory processes and stabilization of the endothelial-epithelial barrier as a powerful regulator of metabolic processes in cells and tissues. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the direct effect of betaine on cultured endothelial cells. The objectives of the work were to analyze the literature on the use of betaine as a donor of methyl groups and osmoprotector (especially the use of its osmotolytic properties), and to conduct experimental studies of its effect on endothelial cells. The effect of betaine on endothelial cells (RAE lines) was studied using traditional methodological approaches: MTT test to determine the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and cell survival, assessment of glucose uptake and morphological properties of endothelial cells. The results of the study of the effect of betaine on endothelial cells showed no toxic effects, increased concentration of endothelial cells compared with control of its level of 0,5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml when stained with trypan blue, increased optical absorption due to reduction of formazan by mitochondrial enzymes in living cells within its concentrations of 1–4 mg/ml by MTT test, increasing the activity of mitochondrial oxidoreductases per unit of living cells at its concentrations of 1 and 4 mg/ml, the highest absorption of glucose by cells at 0,125 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml of the biological product, compared with the control there were morphological differences of cells, namely: elongation, greater number of processes and the formation of structures that had signs of procapillary. Therefore, betaine at a concentration of 1 mg/ml may serve as a kind of standard of positive effects on endothelial cells in subsequent studies of bioactive drugs.
The studies, which may reveal some elements of regulation between the metabolic processes of proteins (at the level of translation and changes in the amino acid spectrum) as well as catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates under conditions of pathological deviations of the functioning of the animal organism, are promising, and the search for protective substances of a different nature is necessary. The aim is to study and analyze a bio protectors’ effect on the composition of some amino acids under alcohol-induced oxidative stress. During the experimental period, changes in the body weight of rats confirm the depressant effect of alcohol on the dynamics of weight gain of animals during their growth and development, and the positive protective effect of betaine and additives (protein+minerals). The increased activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase in the blood serum of rats in experimental groups of animals with the absence of protectors’ substances in the diet indicates a deviation in the functional capacity of the liver. The determined indices of the content of creatinine and urea were increased significantly that points out on possible pathological deviation of the kidney. Under alcohol substances, changes of such biochemical indexes value as lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and the content of malonic dialdehyde indicate oxidative stress. In the case of bio protectors’ presence, values of biochemical parameters become to ones in the animals of control groups. It was observed, that betaine has a higher potential for the correction of the above pathological abnormalities than protein-containing additives with minerals in the form of chelate, but the last is perspective for further study and their use as a raw material for the development of more complex bio protectors
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