The present study seeks to explore the concept of “smart economy” through the definition of the smart city. It also presents smart city subsystems and the smart city model. It focuses on smart and creative startups within the smart city model. The research examines medium-sized cities in the Visegrád countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary) with a population ranging from 100,000 to 1 million inhabitants for startups. The research question is: Where are the medium-sized cities in the Visegrád countries that are both startup centers and smart cities? In the course of the research, the term “smart cities” was based on the definition set by the European Commission and the definition of startup centers was made using data analysis of the American Crunchbase database. As a result of the two studies, it can be concluded that there are no cities in the Visegrád countries with an above average level of both startup presence and smart cities.
A női vállalkozók száma az elmúlt három évtizedben a legtöbb országban jelentősen megnőtt, ezáltal élénkebb gazdaságokat indukálva. Számos tanulmány vizsgálja külön a női vállalkozókat és külön a startupokat, de a női startupok témája kevésbé kutatott terület. Jelen kutatás a női startupperekre fókuszál: egyrészt a nők szerepének a feltárásával a startupok világában, másrészt a mai magyar startup-ökoszisztémán belül átfogó képet adva a női vállalkozók helyzetéről, működésüket befolyásoló tényezőkről. A tanulmányban kevert módszertant alkalmaztak a szerzők: online kérdőív startup témájú országos zárt közösségimédia-csoportokban (n=113) és mélyinterjúk a magyar startup-ökoszisztéma nyugat-dunántúli régióban tevékenykedő szakértői és tagjai körében (n=7). A kutatás eredményeképpen megállapítható a tőkehiány: a vizsgált hazai startupok többnyire saját tőkét használnak fel vállalkozásuk indításánál, a kockázatitőke-befektetés nem jellemző. Feltárják továbbá a startup vállalkozások korlátozó tényezőit, kiemelten a női startuppereket gátló komplex tényezőket, amelyek jellemzően családi és társadalmi okokra vezethetők vissza.
The present paper focuses on female startup founders in Hungary. Numerous studies examine female entrepreneurship, but the topic of female startups is a less explored area. The research was carried out in two stages: at first in 2019 through an online survey and in-depth interviews, and then in May 2021 with in-depth interviews due to the delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mixed research methodology was used and comprised of an online questionnaire administered in startup-themed closed social media groups (n=113) and in-depth interviews among experts and members of the ecosystem (n=7+7). The aim was to conclude how potential female startup founders could be encouraged and what form of support should be given to them, as well as to explore the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on female startup entrepreneurs. The results show that 70 percent of respondents have their own business, these were set up by both sexes between the ages of 24 and 35. The respondents mostly use equity when starting their businesses. Although the proportion of women among startup founders is very low, a positive entrepreneurial attitude can be observed among them. The startup ecosystem is centralised in Hungary; it is only emerging in some major university cities outside the capital. The strengthening role of startup communities and social media is unquestionable. Furthermore, the results reveal limiting factors, especially complex ones hindering female start-ups, which can typically be traced back to family and social reasons. To overcome these obstacles governments should continue facilitating startup development. The pandemic was considered as an opportunity to promote new ideas and features, concentrate on design and finetune their startup businesses.
The current paper aims to analyze the Hungarian–Slovakian cross-border area (Szigetköz, Csallóköz) and unearth the region’s latent economic development potential. The study area with its unique natural environment has recently aroused the interest of many fields. Szigetköz is a fresh spot in the agglomeration of two large cities: Győr and Mosonmagyaróvár. What could be the economic bases and social factors that can awaken the area from its sleeping rose dream? Along with this issue, we explore socio-economic development opportunities. The exploratory research is based on content analysis of strategic documents and in-depth interviews with the settlement’s mayors. The results show that, although the overwhelming majority of settlements have a more moderate population loss and an abundance of economic opportunities relative to other Hungarian settlements, there are several gaps and negative processes that operate beneath the surface.
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