In the flexo printing process, flexible food packaging materials are exposed to various effects (solvents, temperature, transport devices, etc.), that impact the quality of food packaging materials. Although, literature is available on the impact of these factors on the quality of food packaging, there are very few papers examining the impact of the flexo printing process on food packaging materials. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine if there are any changes occurring in tensile strength, elongation before tearing and gas permeability after the flexographic printing process regarding the selected flexible packaging materials -oriented polypropylene (OPP) and coated paper/polyethylene (PAP/PE). The measurement of tensile strength and elongation before tearing was carried out according to SRPS G.S2.734, and the measurement of gas permeability according to Lussy Method -DIN 53380. The results presented in this paper show that the tensile strength and elongation in both foil samples increased after the printing process (a higher increase of strength is determined in the PAP/PE foil). The exception is the PAP/PE sample, where increased permeability of N2 was observed. The reason for such results could be due to different surface characteristics of the tested materials since the process of ink absorption is different. Surface tension tests were conducted by applying measurements of the contact angle. The results show that the process of flexo printing did not change the functional properties of the packaging.
This paper tries to find out which precious metal futures are the best hedging tools for corn spot commodity, taking into account three different risk measures – variance (Var), value at risk (VaR), and conditional value at risk (CVaR). For computation purposes, we use an optimal dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) specification for every considered pair. Our findings indicate that portfolio with gold outperforms the other three precious metals (silver, platinum, and palladium) with respect to all three risk metrics. The reason for such findings is two-fold. First, gold has the lowest average dynamic correlation with corn (below 11%), and gold also has the lowest average risk of all precious metals. The second-best combination is corn-platinum, whereas the corn-silver pair gives the worst hedging results. This happens because silver has the highest average dynamic correlation with corn (14.5%), but more importantly, silver is the riskiest commodity, which makes this asset unsuitable for combining with corn. According to the results, the ratio between corn and gold in a two-asset portfolio should be about 27 : 73.
Packaging must fulfill functional, aesthetic, economic, and ergonomic requirements, and nowadays more and more attention is paid to environmental requirements. Of the total production of plastic materials, the largest share is refers to the packaging industry. In addition, polymer packaging occupies the largest percentage of total packaging production. The reason for its application is due to a number of good properties such as low price, variety, mechanical and barrier properties, etc. However, from the ecological aspect, it represents a special problem due to short-term use and accumulation of non-degradable waste. That is why packaging nowadays should meet the growing demands of economical and environmentally friendly processing after its use. For these reasons, the paper provides basic guidelines for the manufacture and selection of packaging materials in order to improve recyclability, taking into account the criteria of material labeling and construction performance.
Razvojem informaciono komunikacione tehnologije ostvaraju se nove mogućnosti koje utiču na sve sfere rada i života. Ovaj stručni rad ima za cilj, da približi značaj komunikacije savremene ambalaže i korisnika usled pojave novih sistema grafičkog obeležavanja pri procesu pakovanja proizvoda. Novim sistemima i simbolima obeležavanja, poboljšavaju se proizvodnja, praćenje i manipulacija proizvodom što rezultira olakšnim i bezbednim korišćenjem ambalažiranog proizvoda. Time se ispunjava osnovni zahtev kupca: korišćenje bezbednog i kvalitetnog proizvoda. Ambalaža štiti proizvod, štiti okolinu od proizvoda i estetski definiše upakovanu robu. Dodavanjem funkcije komunikacije i uz primenu novih materijala ambalaža postaje "pametna" tj. inteligentna. Komunikacija ambalaže podrazumeva njenu unutrašnju i spoljašnju komponentu u odnosu na ambalažni materijal i pakovanje.
The paper aimed to examine if the mechanical characteristics (tensile strength, elongation, and friction) of the selected flexible packaging materials (BOPP and PET/PE) change after the packaging process. Some researchers have shown that mechanical characteristics can change because of the various effects to which foils are exposed (temperature, transport devices, solvents, etc.). The measurement of tensile strength and elongation was carried out according to SRPS G.S2.734, and the measurement of friction according to ASTM D 1894. The results show that there were no significant changes in the examined mechanical characteristics that could affect the functionality of the packaging.
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