Photopolymer recording materials are nowadays widely used for recording of diffraction gratings and other diffraction elements. For obtaining the best performance of these diffraction gratings for desired applications, it is important to assess these gratings from many different perspectives. In this contribution, we present an experimental and characterization approach to an analysis of diffraction gratings recorded into photopolymer materials. This approach is able to provide a complex and very illustrative description of these gratings response and, with accordance to the theory, information about some important grating parameters, such as a spatial period, slant angle, etc., as well. This approach is based on the measurement of a grating response for a wide range of angles and wavelengths and then on the construction and subsequent analysis of maps in the angular-spectral plane. It is shown that the measurements are in a good agreement with the theoretical predictions based on either approximate (Kogelnik's coupled wave theory) or rigorous (RCWA) techniques and that this approach provides complex and detailed characterization of the grating response which can be used for additional optimization or decision of applicability of measured sample gratings.
Photopolymer recording systems have received a great deal of attention as a material for optical information storage and production of diffraction gratings. Before using these materials in such systems, it is important to characterize them and understand the processes which run during holographic recording, so that the recording itself can be optimized to obtain an efficient diffraction grating. In this contribution, we present a new method for real-time measurement of the diffraction response of reflection gratings during the recording process. Usually, the recording process in photopolymers is characterized by the real-time measurement of a transmission diffraction grating growth. This method does not allow measuring the growth of gratings with a very narrow spatial period in the reflection configuration. The new approach is based on the idea that the reflection grating is illuminated with white light at a different angle from the recording one and the diffraction efficiency is continuously measured with a spectrophotometer. Kogelnik's coupled wave theory is used as the theoretical background in this contribution. Experimentally, the photopolymer Bayfol HX has been tested in the reflection configuration and growth curves have been measured to show a good applicability of the detection method.
Abstract. Among many unusual and interesting physical properties of photonic crystals (PhC), in recent years, the propagation of surface electromagnetic waves along dielectric PhC boundaries have attracted considerable attention, also in connection to their possible applications. Such surfaces states, produced with the help of specialized defects on PhC boundaries, similarly to surfaces plasmons, are localized surfaces waves and, as such, can be used in various sensing applications. In this contribution, we present our recent studies on numerical modelling of surface states (SS) for all three cases of PhC dimensionality. Simulations of these states were carried out by the use of plane wave expansion (PWE) method via the MIT MPB package.
The applicability of the digital holography to grinded surfaces shape measurements is experimentally examined with regard to the surface micro-roughness of brittle materials (optical glass). Multi-wavelength phase shifted digital holographic interferometry (holographic contouring) is used and its performance is analyzed. Holographic contouring is a great candidate for the precise shape measurement technique, which can be applied to the iterative manufacture process of optical elements. Optical surface artifacts with different radii of the spherical (convex and concave) shapes were prepared with different micro-roughness. Their optical surfaces were then holographically recorded using a designed setup. Two different measures were selected to estimate the quality of the holographic recording: first, the intensity profile of the reconstructed surface deviation as a consequence of the micro-roughness decrease, where the shape of the intensity profile develops as the surface is altering from strongly diffusive to almost specular; second, the correlation of the phase fields (surfaces shapes), which were holographically recorded using two light beams of different wavelengths. In this situation, the correlation function decreases with an increase in the noise amount in data. The presented preliminary results indicate that the multiwavelength holographic contouring can be used for surface measurements of high-quality polished and nearly specular surfaces. On the other hand, the application of holographic contouring to polished surface measurement still represents a challenging task and remains unresolved even with the multidirection illumination.
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