Objectives. The aim of the study was to develop a clinical prediction model for assessing the probability of having invasive cancer in the definitive surgical resection specimen in patients with biopsy diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, to facilitate decision making regarding axillary surgery. Methods. In 349 women with DCIS, predictors of invasion in the definitive resection specimen were identified. A model to predict the probability of invasion was developed and subsequently simplified to divide patients into two risk categories. The model's performance was validated on another patient population. Results. Multivariate logistic regression revealed four independent predictors of invasion: (i) suspicious (micro)invasion in the biopsy specimen; (ii) visibility of the lesion on ultrasonography; (iii) size of the lesion on mammography >30 mm; (iv) clinical palpability of the lesion. The actual frequency of invasion in the high-risk patient group in the test and validation population was 52.6% and 48.3%, respectively; in the low-risk group it was 16.8% and 7.1%, respectively. Conclusion. The model proved to have good performance. In patients with a low probability of invasion, an axillary procedure can be omitted without a substantial risk of additional surgery.
BackgroundBreast cancer can be diagnosed easily in most cases. However, occasionally, we are faced with some conditions that can mimic it. These may include inflammations, benign tumors, cysts, hematomas, or, more rarely, focal necrosis.Case presentationThis report presents a case of focal breast necrosis following myocardial revascularization with the left internal mammary artery, which is a very rare condition, with only few cases described in the literature. The necrosis becomes usually apparent a few days or weeks after the surgery and is often coincidental with the dehiscence of sternotomy with necrosis of wound edges. As it mostly affects the skin, it can be easily recognized. Also, our patient developed a dehisced sternotomy shortly after the surgery but there were no obvious objective changes on the breast. The condition was first dominated only by non-specific subjective symptom—pain. Later, a lump in the breast occurred, when the sternotomy had already healed. Moreover, an enlarged lymph node was palpable in the axilla. Because of non-typical symptoms, the condition was suggestive of breast cancer for a relatively long time. The patient had suffered from a very strong pain until she was treated by mastectomy with a good clinical result.ConclusionsMammary necrosis following the coronary artery bypass is rare. In most cases, it manifests on the skin shortly after the surgery concurrently with dehisced sternotomy, so it can be easily diagnosed. However, in sporadic cases, the symptoms may occur later and may mimic breast cancer. Our objective is to raise awareness of this rare condition.
Background Although syringoma is a common benign tumour of the sudoriferous gland, there is also an extremely rare malignant form known as syringoid eccrine carcinoma (SEC). SEC usually exhibits slow growth with deep invasion and a frequent tendency to relapse. The treatment of choice is radical wide resection, which poses a difficult reconstructive problem, especially when the tumour is located in the centre of the face. Case presentation In this case, a 70-year-old man was diagnosed with an SEC at the same location as a benign syringoma of the upper lip and nasal base that had undergone primary excision 7 years prior. Primary radical resection was performed with immediate Abbé flap reconstruction. Nevertheless, histology revealed positive margins, and 3 additional re-excisions were needed to achieve clear margins. Four months after the initial resection, the patient had undergone an innovative reconstruction technique including not only the Abbé flap but also a turbinate flap harvested with functional endonasal surgery and a three-stage forehead flap. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a suspect malignant transformation of a benign syringoma after 7 years. In addition, from oncoplastic and reconstructive points of view, the bilateral use of the turbinate flap for reconstructing the intranasal lining of the alar base is unusual, and the use of functional endonasal surgery in nasal reconstruction for reducing the risk of damaging the vascular supply of the flap is innovative.
Background: Although syringoma is a common benign tumor of the sudoriferous gland, there is also an extremely rare malignant form known as syringoid eccrine carcinoma (SEC). While this type of tumor usually exhibits slow growth with deep invasion and a frequent tendency to relapse, it usually does not metastasize. Few patients with SEC have been described in the literature.Case presentation: In this case, a 70-year-old man was diagnosed with an SEC at the same location as a benign syringoma of the upper lip and nasal base that had undergone primary excision 7 years prior. Primary radical resection was performed with immediate Abbé flap reconstruction. Nevertheless, histology revealed positive margins, and 3 additional re-excisions were needed to achieve clear margins. Four months after the initial resection, the patient had undergone an innovative reconstruction technique including not only the Abbé flap but also turbinate flap harvested with functional endonasal surgery and a three-stage forehead flap.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of the malignant transformation of a benign syringoma after 7 years. In addition, from oncoplastic and reconstructive points of view, the bilateral use of the turbinate flap for reconstructing the intranasal lining of the alar base is unusual, and the use of functional endonasal surgery in nasal reconstruction for reducing the risk of damaging the vascular supply of the flap is innovative and has never been reported for SEC in the literature.
Východiska: Pacientkám po terapeutické mastektomii je rekonstrukce prsu v naší zemi dostupná zpravidla až s časovým odstupem, tzv. odloženě. V Masarykově onkologickém ústavu (MOÚ) v posledních letech systematicky nabízíme vhodným kandidátkám rekonstrukci okamžitou, tj. v bezprostřední návaznosti na mastektomii. Používáme dvoudobou aloplastickou metodu se založením tkáňového expandéru, který je později vyměněn za silikonový implantát. Cílem práce bylo vyhodnotit subjektivní spokojenost pacientek s výsledky tohoto typu rekonstrukce. Soubor pacientů a metody: Dvaašedesáti ženám operovaným v MOÚ v letech 2007-2013 byl zaslán jednoduchý dotazník vytvořený naší pracovní skupinou. Zpět jsme obdrželi 57 dotazníků. Výsledky byly zpracovány pomocí popisných charakteristik a statistických testů. Výsledky: Návratnost dotazníků byla 92 %. Naprostá většina pacientek (56/ 57) by znovu volila stejný postup. Velká většina pacientek (48/ 57) je s rekonstrukcí celkově spokojena. Většina žen pod 50 let věku s jednostrannou operací (8/ 14) by při novém rozhodování volila současnou druhostrannou profylaktickou mastektomii s oboustrannou rekonstrukcí. Po oboustranné operaci jsou rekonstruované prsy častěji vnímány jako součást vlastního těla. Ženy hodnotí svůj zevnějšek před zrcadlem výrazně lépe v oblečení, než pokud jsou vysvlečené. Ohledně pocitu ženství si samy před sebou připadají výborně nebo velmi dobře, v běžných životních situacích mezi lidmi je převládající pocit výborný. Významně horší pocity mívají při erotickém kontaktu s druhou osobou a téměř polovina žen udává občasnou bolest v oblasti rekonstruovaných prsou. Pacientky zdůrazňují důležitost dostatečné informovanosti před tímto výkonem. Závěr: Pro ně kte ré pacientky s karcinomem prsu je okamžitá aloplastická dvoudobá mamární rekonstrukce vhodnou volbou. Vzhledem k poněkud méně přirozenému kosmetickému výsledku této metody je třeba kandidátky pečlivě vybírat a předem jim poskytnout dostatek relevantních informací. Klíčová slova mastektomie-mamoplastika-tkáňová expanze-prsní implantáty-spokojenost pacientůdotazníky-rekonstrukce prsu Práce byla podpořena Evropským fondem pro regionální rozvoj a státním rozpočtem České republiky (OP VaVpI-RECAMO, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0101) a MZ ČR-RVO (MOÚ, 00209805). This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund and the State Budget of the Czech Republic RECAMO CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0101 and MH CZ-DRO (MMCI, 00209805). Autoři deklarují, že v souvislosti s předmětem studie nemají žádné komerční zájmy. The authors declare they have no potential confl icts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. Redakční rada potvrzuje, že rukopis práce splnil ICMJE kritéria pro publikace zasílané do bi omedicínských časopisů. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE "uniform requirements" for biomedical papers.
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