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BackgroundComplex cardiovascular procedures may initiate a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with a massive cytokine release, which is involved in postoperative myocardial injury. Intraoperative cytokine hemoadsorption (HA) mitigates the inflammatory response. Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are emerging as a marker of myocardial injury.MethodsThis study evaluated if intraoperative cytokine reduction by HA modulates SIRS and affects myocardial injury as measured by miRNA-126, 223 and miRNA-1, 133a, respectively. Twenty-eight patients were assigned into HA (n = 15) and control (C) (n = 13) groups. HA was performed by integrating CytoSorb™ into the extracorporeal circuit.ResultsMiRNA-133a plasma levels were increased postoperatively in both groups but were much higher in the HA group than in the C group at 3 h (P = 0.037) and 18 h (P = 0.017) after reperfusion. MiRNA-1 and miRNA-223 plasma levels were significantly increased postoperatively, but did not differ between groups. The vascular miRNA-126 was not affected.ConclusionIntraoperative cytokine HA in cardiovascular operations increased the plasma levels of miRNA-133a, suggesting higher myocardial injury.

OBJECTIVES The choice of optimal surgical treatment for young and middle-aged adults with aortic valve disease remains a challenge. Mechanical aortic valve replacement (mAVR) is generally preferred despite promising recent outcomes of the Ross procedure. Our goal was to compare the strategies at a nationwide level. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively recorded data from the National Registry of Cardiac Surgery of the Czech Republic. Using propensity score matching, we compared the outcomes of patients undergoing the Ross procedure in 2 dedicated centres with all mAVRs performed in country between 2009 and 2020. RESULTS Throughout the study period, 296 adults underwent the Ross procedure and 5120 had an mAVR. We found and compared 291 matched pairs. There were no in-hospital deaths, and the risk of perioperative complications was similar in both groups. Over the average follow-up period of 4.1 vs 6.1 years, the Ross group had a lower all-cause mortality (0.7 vs 6.5%; P = 0.015). This result remained significant even when accounting for cardiac- and valve-related deaths only (P = 0.048). Unlike the Ross group, the mAVR group had a significantly lower relative survival compared with the age- and sex-matched general population. There was no difference in the risk of reoperation (4.5 vs 5.5%; P = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS The Ross procedure offers a significant midterm survival benefit over mAVR. The procedures have a comparable risk of perioperative complications. Patients after mAVR have reduced survival. Thus, the Ross procedure should be the preferred treatment option for young and middle-aged adults with aortic valve disease in dedicated centres.

Rossova operace je unikátním chirurgickým konceptem, který řeší nereparabilní postižení aortální chlopně její náhradou vlastní chlopní plicnice. Výtokový trakt pravé komory je po vytnutí plicnice rekonstruován transplantací pulmonálního alograftu. Plicnicová chlopeň v aortální pozici (pulmonální autograft) vysoce předčí jiné náhražky svými hemodynamickými vlastnostmi, viabilitou se schopností růstu (u dětských pacientů) a nízkým rizikem tromboembolismu a infekční endokarditidy. Přes nesporné výhody pulmonálního autograftu vzbuzuje Rossova operace kontroverze a chirurgický respekt, protože jde o technicky náročný výkon, který navíc představuje pro další chlopeň riziko komplikací a předpokládané reoperace. Renesance zájmu o Rossovu operaci je způsobena zejména poznáním kritických kroků, standardizací operace i znalostí dlouhodobých výsledků. Ve velkých sestavách nemocných byly prokázány významné výhody pro nemocné v podobě vynikajícího přežívání, nízké četnosti komplikací a vysoké kvality života. Pokud je Rossova operace prováděna ve specializovaných centrech s důrazem na technické detaily zajišťující dlouhodobou stabilitu autograftu i alograftu, je atraktivní alternativou zejména pro mladé nemocné s postižením aortální chlopně.