In this study, avoidance coping and problem-solving coping (inversely) predicted stress, and stress and avoidance coping inversely predicted life satisfaction among 114 African American students. Coping did not moderate racial discrimination stress or stress-life satisfaction relationships. Fostering problem solving and reducing avoidance may help to alleviate racism-related stress and foster well-being.En este estudio, evitar sobrellevar y sobrellevar la resolución de problemas (a lo inverso) de estrés predicho, estrés, y el evitar sobrellevar a la inversa predicha de la satisfacción de vida, entre 114 estudiantes Afro-Americanos. El sobrellevar no moderó el estrés de la discriminacion racial ni relaciones de satisfacción en el estrés de vida. Fomentar la resolución del problema y reducir el evitar puede ayudar a aliviar el estrés relacionado al racismo y fomentar el bienestar.

Diving investigations confirm previous circumstantial evidence of seafloor freezing and anchor ice accretion during freeze‐up storms in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. These related bottom types were found to be continuous from shore to 2‐m depth and spotty to 4.5‐m depth. Spotty anchor ice occurred as pillow‐shaped crystal aggregates on buried slabs of frozen sand surrounded by unfrozen sand. Considerations of required conditions for ice bonding and anchor ice growth allows regional extrapolation and suggests the possibility of anchor ice growth out to 20‐m depth, the estimated maximum depth of supercooling during fall storms. Anchor ice and seabed freezing apparently do not develop during a calm freeze‐up. Because of the abrupt growth of anchor ice during a freezing storm and its release soon after formation of a surface ice cover, this ice type has not been documented before. The concretelike nature of frozen bottom, where present, should prohibit sediment transport by any conceivable wave or current regime during the freezing storm. But elsewhere, particularly where the bonded crust is broken by grounded ice, anchor ice lifts coarse material off the bottom and incorporates it into the ice canopy, thereby leading to significant ice rafting of shallow shelf sediment and likely sediment loss to the deep sea.

No abstract

Methane concentrations in the Beaufort Sea under the winter ice canopy offshore from northern Alaska are 3 to 28 times greater than they are in late summer when the ice is absent in a similar region offshore from northern Canada where methane is in approximate equilibrium with the atmosphere. These observations suggest that methane concentrates in the water under the sea-ice cover during winter and ventilates rapidly in late summer as the ice melts and retreats. Conditions similar to those on the Beaufort Sea shelf likely exist on the much larger Siberian shelf, making the Arctic Ocean margin a possible seasonal, high-latitude, marine source of about 0.

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Within the conterminous United States, the Gulf of Mexico coast has the highest erosion rates. The Texas coast, in many respects similar to that of the Beaufort Sea, retreats on average 1.2 m/yr, or about half the Beaufort Sea average. Since coastal erosion in arctic regions is restricted to three summer months when waves and coastal currents are active, erosion rates there must be multiplied by a factor of four for a meaningful comparison with the Texas coast, which experiences waves and currents year round. Accordingly arctic erosion rates are 8 times higher than Texas rates. Additionally, arctic fetches commonly are restricted by the ever present polar pack, unlike the long and constant Texas fetch allowing generation of larger and more pervasive waves. Classic wave theory therefore can not wholely account for the sediment dynamics of the arctic coastal zone, and we are left with fundamental questions which are important to future coastal development by petroleum industry.

No abstract

Satellite imagery and high-and low-altitude aerial photography of the North Slope of Alaska indicate that naleds (features formed during river icing) are widespread east of the Colville River but less abundant to its west. Where naleds occur, stream channels are wide and often braided. Their distribution can be related to changes in stream gradient and to the occurrence of springs. Large naleds, such as occur on the Kongakut River, often survive the summer melt season to form the nucleus of icing in the succeeding wi nter. Major naleds also are likely to significantly influence the nature of permafrost in their immediate vicinity. A map of naleds may serve as a guide to sources of perennially flawing water. R&UM?k R6partition et caractdrisffques des naleds dans le nord-est de l'Alaska. Les indications transmises par satellite et les photos prises B haute et basse altitude au-dessus de la partie septentrionale de l'Alaska montrent que les naleds (monticules se formant au cours de la glaciation des rivihres) se retrouvent en grande quantité B l'est de la rivitse COIvilfe, mais en petite quantith b I'ouest de la même rivikre. LB oh se forment les naleds, le lit des cours d'eau est large et souvent tortueux. La répartition des naleds correspond aux changements survenant dans la dblivité des cours d'eau et B l'apparition de sources. Les gros naleds, comme ceux qu'on trouve sur la rivihre Kongakut, rbistent souvent aux fontes de l'6té et forment le noyau de glaciation de lsver suivant. Les plus gros naleds influencent probablement de façon significative la nature du pergClisol dans leur voisinage immbdiat. Une carte des naleds p o d t constituer un guide des cours d'eau coulant en permanence. . 1973. Hydrologic reconnaissance of streams and springs in eastern Brooks Range, Alaska -July 1972. US. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Basic-Data Report. HOPKINS, D. M. 1967. The Cenozoic history of Beringiaa synthesis. In: Hopkins, D. M. SOKOLOV, B. L. 1973. Regime of naleds. In: Anisimova, N. P. et d., Ground Water in the Cryolithosphere. Hanover, New Hampshire: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (Draft Translation 437). WAHRHAFTIO, c. 1965. Physiographic divisions of Alaska. US., Geological Survey, Professiorml Paper 482. WALKER, X. J. 1974. The Colville River and Beaufort Sea: some interactions. In: Reed, J. C. and Sater, J. E. (eds.), The Coast and Shelf of the Beaufort Sea.