Distribution and Character of Naleds in Northeastern Alaska

Harden, Deborah Reid; Barnes, Peter W.; Reimnitz, Erk

doi:10.14430/arctic2681

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Throughout the Landsat era, the Kongakat River aufeis field has kept a constant volume as in the past [Harden et al, 1977]. The Kongakat River aufeis has one of the longest records of observations by explorers [e.g., Franklin, 1828] because it is one of the biggest ice fields and located close to the coast and therefore easy to observe from the Arctic Ocean.…”

Section: Aufeis Chronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of spring water discharge along the eastern part of foothills of the Brooks Range [Childers et al, 1977]. These springs with steady flow all year around result in large areas covered with aufeis every winter [Harden et al, 1977]. Aufeis is second only to snow cover as the biggest temporary surface storage reservoir of fresh water during the winter period in unglaciated basins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many different remote sensing systems utilize this distinction to discriminate between liquid water and ice. This is a common method for studying and characterizing aufeis deposition over wide areas (e.g., Landsat [Dean, 1984;Harden et al, 1977;Hall and Roswell, 1981] and SAR [Li et al, 1997]). Li et al [1997] estimated aufeis formations using complex SAR data (interferometric SAR) at Ivishak River, Alaska.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spring and aufeis (icing) hydrology in Brooks Range, Alaska

2007

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[1] Remote sensing studies and field hydrometeorological and geophysical investigations were employed to characterize several aufeis fields in the Brooks Range, Alaska. Geochemical studies were undertaken together with field hydrological measurements to better understand the chemical and thermal properties of stream base flow (groundwater spring) that contributes to winter aufeis development. The spring water temperature was measured at several major aufeis fields using data loggers throughout the year. Aufeis is an important water storage component in the Arctic and influences local ecology and geomorphology. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a useful and sensitive sensor for aufeis detection and for estimating the total volume of storage as well as freeze/thaw conditions. The SAR analysis indicated that the volume of aufeis formed in winter is 27-30% of the annual groundwater discharge in the Kuparuk River. Visible and near-IR satellite imagery indicated many of the high-discharge springs (more than 10-1000 1/s) and aufeis fields are centered around an elevation of 600 m a.s.l. in limestone areas with glacial morphology. Geomorphological investigations indicate that many of springs have continually existed from at least the last glaciation. Microwave data (SAR), thermal infrared, short wave infrared, and visible and near-IR bands were all used to observe the growth, decay, and distribution of aufeis deposits. The remotely sensed data indicate that the distribution of the aufeis deposits today is nearly the same as it was in past colder periods; this was mainly determined by mapping the distributed carbonate precipitates. Also, spring water temperatures and discharge volumes are predictable from the aufeis field size using remotely sensed techniques.

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Section: Aufeis Chronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spring and aufeis (icing) hydrology in Brooks Range, Alaska

2007

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“…It has no waterfalls or other obvious barriers to fish movement (Stewart, 1994). However, aufeis, the layered ice buildup that occurs when water flows onto a land or ice surface during periods of sub-freezing temperatures (Harden et al, 1977), is present along the lower reaches of the river and on the sea ice of Chandler Fiord (Greely, 1886;Smith, 1999). In most years, the head of the river remains partially open all year (Deane, 1958), but in 1995, low water levels in the lake allowed it to freeze over, the first such occurrence recorded since 1915 (R. Wissink, unpubl.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Summer Movements of Radio-tagged Arctic Charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) in Lake Hazen, Nunavut, Canada

Babaluk¹,

Troke²,

Clark³

et al. 2001

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Radiotelemetry was used to determine whether Lake Hazen arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) were anadromous and to determine movements of the charr within the lake. In 1995 and 1996, 62 and 55 charr, respectively, were captured, radio-tagged, and released back into the lake. A fixed data acquisition system recorded limited movements of radio-tagged charr in the upper reaches of the Ruggles River, the only outlet from the lake to the sea, in 1995. When movements of radio-tagged charr within Lake Hazen were monitored opportunistically in 1995, most of the relocated charr were found in warmer, more productive waters associated with inflowing streams. No movements of radio-tagged charr in the Ruggles River were recorded in 1996 when the data acquisition system was operated in the lower reaches of the river. These observations supported the conclusions of a study of Lake Hazen charr otolith strontium distribution that Lake Hazen charr were non-anadromous. The Ruggles River may be a detriment to anadromous behaviour because of its length (ca. 29 km), velocity (up to 2.25 m·s -1 ), and the year-round presence of aufeis (layered ice buildup). In summer, instead of migrating to the sea to feed, Lake Hazen charr appear to move to feed on abundant prey found in areas where inlet streams enter the lake.Key words: anadromy, arctic charr, Ellesmere Island, life history, migrations, Quttinirpaaq National Park, radio-tagging, Salvelinus alpinus RÉSUMÉ. On a fait appel à la télémesure pour savoir si l'omble chevalier (Salvelinus alpinus) du lac de Hazen est anadrome et pour connaître ses déplacements dans le lac. On a capturé 62 ombles en 1995 et 55 en 1996 qu'on a munis de radio-émetteurs avant de les relâcher dans le lac. En 1995, un système fixe de collecte de données a enregistré les déplacements restreints des ombles munis de radio-émetteurs dans le cours supérieur de la rivière Ruggles, la seule décharge du lac dans la mer. Quand on a pu vérifier les déplacements de ces ombles dans le lac de Hazen en 1995, la plupart des poissons se trouvaient dans les eaux plus chaudes et plus productives associées à des ruisseaux d'arrivée. En 1996, après qu'un système de collecte de données a été installé dans le cours inférieur de la rivière Ruggles, on n'y a enregistré aucun déplacement des ombles munis de radio-émetteurs. Ces observations viennent étayer une étude sur la distribution du strontium otolithique chez l'omble du lac de Hazen, qui concluait que ce poisson n'était pas anadrome. Il se peut que la rivière Ruggles soit peu propice à un comportement anadrome en raison de sa longueur (env. 29 km), de sa vitesse (jusqu'à 2,25 m•s -1 ) et de la présence toute l'année d'un dôme de glace (Aufeishugel). En été, au lieu de migrer vers la mer pour se nourrir, l'omble du lac de Hazen semble se déplacer vers les zones où les ruisseaux se déversent dans le lac et qui contiennent des proies en abondance.Mots clés: anadrome, omble chevalier, île d'Ellesmere, évolution biologique, migrations, parc national Quttinirpaaq, pose de radio...

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“…Small streams freeze solid in winter ; other streams are maintained by springs or lake outflow . Satellite imagery has been used to map icings (Harden et al, 1977) which can attain thicknesses of 56 m and store 25-30° of the annual discharge . On the Russian and North American mainland, the largest rivers continue to flow, although at very reduced volumes, being sustained by headwaters in subarctic and temperate regions .…”

Section: Lotic Arctic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotones and fluvial regimes in arctic lotic environments

Power

1995

Hydrobiologia

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The fluvial regime in arctic streams is influenced by size of stream, the presence and storage capacity of lakes in the drainage basin, groundwater, and permafrost . Exchange of material with terrestrial environments depends on the season and is more or less suspended in winter. Permafrost and water storage in ice and snow control run off and erosion . Damage to vegetation by flooding, fire, animal or human activity can affect the permafrost and result in rapid erosion . Living space and conditions in lotic environments are modified by ice and during break up are very labile . Fish and benthic organisms in streams have behavioural and physiological adaptations which allow them to benefit from the wide range of river and stream environments found in the arctic and to tolerate the range of seasonal conditions . Ecotones are weakly developed in arctic streams and are of minor functional significance . Only farther south does riparian vegetation begin to play a role in regulating stream processes and not until south of the tree line can ecotones be considered important modulators of fluvial environments .

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Distribution and Character of Naleds in Northeastern Alaska

Cited by 56 publications

References 2 publications

Spring and aufeis (icing) hydrology in Brooks Range, Alaska

Spring and aufeis (icing) hydrology in Brooks Range, Alaska

Summer Movements of Radio-tagged Arctic Charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) in Lake Hazen, Nunavut, Canada

Ecotones and fluvial regimes in arctic lotic environments

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