ABSTRACT— In order to determine the diagnostic value of α1‐antitrypsin (AAT) globules as a morphological marker of AAT‐deficiency of the Pi‐Z type, liver needle biopsies from a prospective series of 600 patients were stained with PAS after pretreatment with diastase and by indirect immunoperoxidase staining for AAT deposits. Serum AAT phenotypes of the patients were determined by means of isoelectric focusing. Thirty‐two biopsies were from patients with the Pi‐Z allele (31 MZ, 1 Z), and 568 biopsies from patients without the Pi‐Z allele. AAT globules larger than 3 μm were found in 16 biopsies of which 15 were from patients with the Pi‐Z allele (diagnostic specificity 0.94), whereas 20 of 26 biopsies with AAT globules larger than 1 μm were from Pi‐Z patients (diagnostic specificity 0.77). Only 47% of the biopsies from patients with the Pi‐Z allele contained AAT globules larger than 3 μm. Thus, although AAT globules larger than 3 μm are highly specific as a morphological marker of the Pi‐Z allele, their rather infrequent occurrence in carriers of the Pi‐Z allele indicates that all investigations concerning the correlation between AAT deficiency of the Pi‐Z type and liver disease should be based on phenotyping of sera from all the patients.
Although periodontal disease is one of the most common (oral) diseases in dogs, an effective treatment approach to periodontitis lacks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a regenerative, bio-absorbable implant biomaterial made of medical-grade porcine gelatin, which is cross-linked by transglutaminase into a porous scaffold for the treatment of periodontitis in dogs in a clinical setting. Nine client-owned dogs were included in this multicenter, prospective interventional clinical study. A split-mouth design was used to treat any teeth with periodontitis; teeth on one side of the mouth were treated with open periodontal therapy alone (control teeth) and teeth on the other side were treated with open periodontal therapy and the tested implant (teeth treated with the implant). A recheck under general anesthesia was performed 3 months after the initial treatment and included periodontal probing, dental radiographs, and/or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the teeth included in the study. This revealed a reduction of the probing depth (PD) at all teeth, but in teeth treated with the implant, a statistically significant improvement (average 2.0 mm) over control teeth (average 1.0 mm) was diagnosed. Similarly, alveolar bone height was increased at most of the teeth, but in teeth treated with the implant, a statistically significant improvement (average 1.26 mm palatally and 1.51 mm buccally) over control teeth (average 0.58 mm palatally and 0.7 mm buccally) was observed for the buccal site. Open periodontal therapy alone improves clinical parameters and alveolar bone height in dogs with periodontitis, which is further significantly improved by the addition of the implant used.
In the period 1970–1984 alcoholic hepatitis was diagnosed by liver biopsy in 52 females. Thirty‐six patients with cirrhosis were generally in a worse clinical and biochemical state than those without cirrhosis. Biochemical tests for liver function showed significant improvement from admission to the time of liver biopsy. At follow‐up liver function tests were generally better in patients who had stopped drinking alcohol compared to those who continued to do so. The 5‐year survival rate was 82% for females without cirrhosis, and 45% for those with cirrhosis (p < 0.03). Considering the sex‐related differences in alcohol abuse in the general population we found no evidence of increased susceptibility to the hepatotoxic effect of alcohol in females.
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