The article presents a short overview of the transformation of the media throughout history up to our days and discusses the specific features of digital communication.Resumo: O artigo traça um breve histórico das transformações midiáticas ocorridas até os dias de hoje e observa a especificidade da comunicação digital.
Palavras-chave: linguagem, comunicação, mídias, era digital
Introdução dos tradutoresApresentamos o discurso proferido pelo Prof. Dr. Peter Schlobinski, da Universidade de Hanôver, por ocasião da cerimônia de entrega do Prêmio Konrad Duden, outorgado a ele em março de 2012. Por meio do trabalho de tradução de David Farah, o leitor brasileiro interessado pela língua alemã e pelos temas que a cercam tem a oportunidade de apreciar uma breve introdução à história do 1 Professor Titular de Linguística Germânica na Universidade Leibniz de Hannover. Email: peter.schlobinski@germanistik.uni-hannover.de Agradecemos ao autor e à editora Duden por nos cederem os direitos de tradução para o português na Revista Pandaemonium Germanicum. O texto integral em alemão pode ser encontrado em: Schlobinski, Peter. Sprache und Kommunikation im digitalen Zeitalter. Rede anlässlich der Verleihung des Konrad-Duden-Preises der Stadt Mannheim am 14. März 2012. Mannheim. [= Dudenbeiträge zu Fragen der Grammatik und des Stils, Heft 61].
Objectives To determine whether mortality between 1991 and 1995 in hospitals in England carrying out surgery for congenital heart disease in children was associated with the annual volume of cases and to estimate the extent to which an association could explain the apparent divergent mortality at Bristol Royal Infirmary. Design Retrospective analysis of data from two sources, a register of returns by surgeons to their professional society and an administrative database. Setting 12 hospitals in England carrying out surgery for congenital heart disease over the period April 1991 to March 1995. Main outcome measure 30 day mortality. Results For open heart operations in children under 1 year old, and in particular for arterial switches and repair of atrioventricular septal defect, there is strong and consistent evidence of an inverse association between mortality and volume of cases (not taking into account any data from Bristol). A hospital carrying out 120 open operations per year in 1991-5 on children aged under 1 year would be expected to have a mortality 25% lower than that in a hospital carrying out 40 operations. If the children in the hospitals had the same mix of operations, this reduction is 34%. Stratifying for types of operation or including the results from Bristol strengthens this association. It was also estimated that less than a fifth of the excess mortality at Bristol Royal Infirmary in open operations in children less than 1 year old was due to the hospital's lower volume of surgery. Conclusions Using appropriate methods, this study showed that mortality in paediatric cardiac surgery was inversely related to the volume of surgery. Considerable caution is needed in interpreting these results, and it does not necessarily follow that concentrating resources in fewer centres would reduce mortality.
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