Uncomplicated AD can be safely treated with the Gore TAG device. Remodelling with thrombosis of the false lumen and reduction of its diameter is induced by the stent graft, but long term results are needed.

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Background: Immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases such as COVID-19. Aims: To assess humoral and cellular immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination in immunosuppressed IBD patients and healthy controls. Methods: In this prospective, multicentre, case-control study, 139 IBD patients treated with biologics and 110 healthy controls were recruited. Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG concentrations were measured 2-16 weeks after receiving a third mRNA vaccine dose. The primary outcome was to determine if humoral immune responses towards booster vaccines differ in IBD patients under anti-TNF versus nonanti-TNF therapy and healthy controls. Secondary outcomes were antibody decline, impact of previous infection and SARS-CoV-2-targeted T cell responses.Results: Anti-TNF-treated IBD patients showed reduced anti-spike IgG concentrations (geometric mean 2357.4 BAU/ml [geometric SD 3.3]) when compared to non-anti-TNF-treated patients (5935.7 BAU/ml [3.9]; p < 0.0001) and healthy controls (5481.7 BAU/ml [2.4]; p < 0.0001), respectively. In multivariable modelling, prior infection (geometric mean ratio 2.00 [95% CI 1.34-2.90]) and vaccination with mRNA-1273 (1.53 [1.01-2.27]) increased antibody concentrations, while anti-TNF treatment (0.39 [0.28-0.54]) and prolonged time between vaccination and antibody measurement (0.72 [0.58-0.90]) decreased anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. Antibody decline was comparable in IBD patients independent of anti-TNF treatment and antibody

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Background: A large and growing body of literature investigating the negative relationship between income inequality and population health (at different geographic scales) has developed over the past several years, although the relationship is not universal apparently. We argue that there has been a peculiar absence of geography in studies of the relationship between income inequality and population health and that explanations for the mixed results have been hampered by an inattention to geography.Methods: Using methods of spatial pattern visualization, outlier analysis and comparative case study analysis, we investigate the role of "geography" as a means of "unpacking" the relationship between income inequality and health in Canada and the United States. Results:The findings demonstrate how analyzing the study of income inequality and population health in the context of place makes otherwise obscure patterns visible and opens up new questions and opportunities for investigating how unequal places may be less healthy than more egalitarian ones. Rather than dismissing the importance of income inequality and health because it does not appear to exist at all times and in all places, we raise questions such as: Under what conditions does the relationship between income inequality and population health hold? and What, if anything, is similar about places where it does (or does not) hold? as crucial questions requiring a different kind of analysis than has been common in this literature. Conclusion:We recommend that place and health studies seek this balance between universalistic and particularistic explanations of place and health relationships in order to best understand the socio-geographic production of health.

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