Aims: The study was conducted to develop a basic security system that integrates Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), an electromagnetic lock, and a GSM Module to produce a lowcost and effective access control system. This work uses the possibility of improving access control door security by replacing a door key with a dependable electromagnetic door lock system for only authorized persons utilizing RFID and a mobile call intruder warning system. Methodology: The system is controlled by an ATMEGA328 microcontroller, which instructs the RFID reader to check and verify the users' unique identity tags before unlocking the electromagnetic lock to grant access or alert the administrators through the GSM module if an invalid tag is used. The microcontroller which also controls a liquid crystal display was programmed using Arduino C language; the data of identification tags were stored in its database. The RFIDbased access control with electromagnetic lock and intruder alert consists of three main parts – the INPUT (RFID), CONTROL (ATMega 328), and OUTPUT (Electromagnetic lock, LCD, Buzzer, and GSM Module). The RFID reader was able to scan tags and open a prototype door when a valid tag is used. The motor closes the door after a preset 5 seconds delay. Conclusion: When compared to well-known techniques in the literature, the developed RFID Access control system outperforms them in terms of accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The door locking system works in real-time because when the user places the tag in contact with the reader, the door opens and the check-in information, together with the user's basic information, is recorded in the central server.
Aims: In the discipline of computer vision, detecting and tracking moving objects in a succession of video frames is a critical process. Image noise, complicated object motion and forms, and video real-time processing are some of the challenges faced by existing methods. Hence, they are computationally complex and susceptible to noise. This work utilized Canny Edge and Optical Flow (CE-OF) techniques for identifying and tracking moving objects in video files. Methodology: Video sequence datasets in Avi and Mp4 format from MathWorks and YouTube were used to evaluate the developed CE-OF technique. The video clip's frames were sampled several times and the frame rate display was calculated. The original images were converted to grayscale, preprocessed, and CE-OP was applied to identify and track the moving object. The results of the CE-OF and optical flow techniques in terms of accuracy, precision, false acceptance rate, false rejection rate, and processing time were obtained and compared. The performance of the developed technique was evaluated using accuracy, precision, false acceptance rate (FAR), false rejection rate (FRR) and processing time. The results obtained were 94.12%, 92.86%, 25.00%, 25.00%, and 19.51s for Mp4; and 93.33%, 90.91%, 20.00%, 20.00%, and 44.11s for Avi video 1 format, respectively. Conclusion: The developed CE-OF is a better competition in terms of accuracy and time compared with well-known techniques in the literature. The CE-OF technique performed better compared with the conventional methods in detecting and tracking a moving object. Therefore, it can be adopted in the designing of intelligent surveillance systems.
Renewable energy sources are those that replenish naturally without depletion. Example of such sources are bioenergy, hydropower, geothermal, wind and solar energy sources. The alarming rate of global energy demand and consumption necessitates an immediate solution for energy conservation and maximum efficiency of new technological gadgets now being built. As a gadget, a solar water heater transforms dc electricity into heat energy, which is then transferred to the water in which it is immersed. The size of the heater is determined by its design, capacity, and intended purpose; it might be for household or industrial use. As an alternative to conventional electric water heaters, this effort focuses on the design and development of a solar-powered smart water heater. In tests using a variety of settings, the solar-powered smart heater that was constructed performed admirably. The components used include a PIC16F876A microcontroller, a 12 V/300 W monocrystalline PV, a 12 V/ 40 A charge controller, and 12 V / 150 W dc submersible heating element among others The temperature control capacity of the fabrication makes it useful in water management system applications such as in aquaculture fingerling hatchery, hot water dispenser and shower among others. The system showed excellent performance in water temperature control using a 150 watts dc heater. Keywords:Solar, heater, photo-voltaic, temperature-controlled, direct current, alternating current .
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