This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted. The Attitudes to Containment Measures Questionnaire (ACMQ) was completed by 1,361 service users and 1,226 staff in acute care mental health services from three regions of England. This provided evaluation of eleven coercive measures (e.g. seclusion) on six dimensions of approval (e.g. indignity, safety) in a large national sample. Comparisons between groups were tested using independent samples t-tests, χ 2 or Spearman correlations. Permanent repository linkResults: Both service users and staff disapproved strongly of mechanical restraint and expressed a relative preference for compulsory intramuscular medication and seclusion. Male staff, older service users and staff who had been involved in implementing coercion expressed greater approval of coercive measures.Conclusion: Mechanical restraint remains highly objectionable to staff and service users in English mental health services despite its widespread acceptance elsewhere in the world.

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The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNCTAD. The designations and terminology employed are also those of the author.UNCTAD Discussion Papers are read anonymously by at least one referee, whose comments are taken into account before publication.

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This article examines the reasons for the poor performance of the nanometric scale SiC (n-SiC p ) particulate-reinforced Al 7075 composites. The composites having different volume fractions of the n-SiC p were synthesized via powder metallurgy (P/M) route and were uniaxially tested at room temperature. Experimental results showed a significant drop in the hardness and tensile properties of the composites in comparison with those of the monolithic Al. Microstructural analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed large segregation of Mg in the vicinity of the n-SiC p and at the grain boundaries of the Al matrix, which plausibly changed both the aging kinetics and tensile behavior of the Al matrix. The segregation of Mg increased with an increase in the volume fraction of the n-SiC p in the Al matrix. No Mg segregation was found in the monolithic Al. The clustering of the n-SiC p was observed from SEM with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. SEM also revealed cracks in the n-SiC p clusters and debonding between the clusters and Al matrix, which were considered as the main mode of fracture in the composites.