Objective To investigate the association between complications during pregnancy and premature coronary heart disease in adult offspring. Methods We conducted a population-based casecontrol study of 153 Indonesian patients with a first acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (age ≤55 years) and 153 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Data on complications during pregnancy (high blood pressure, preterm delivery) and maternal infections in pregnancy were obtained, together with sociodemographic data, clinical profiles, laboratory measurements and adulthood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at hospital admission or enrolment. Conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the association between overall pregnancy complications, and specific groupings of complications and premature ACS. Results Pregnancy-related hypertension and infection were more common in mothers of cases than controls. Pregnancy complications were associated with premature offspring ACS (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.0, p=0.004), and the association persisted in fully adjusted analyses (OR adjusted 4.5, 1.1 to 18.1, p=0.036). In subgroup analyses, pregnancy-related high blood pressure (OR adjusted 5.0, 1.0 to 24.7, p=0.050) and maternal infections (OR adjusted 5.2, 1.1 to 24.2, p=0.035) were associated with offspring ACS. Conclusions Offspring of mothers with complications during pregnancy have an increased risk for premature ACS in adulthood, which may be of particular relevance in populations in transition, where the incidence of both pregnancy-related morbidity and CVD are high.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh madu trigona terhadap stress oksidatif pada tikus putih yang diinduksi statin untuk mencegah miotoksisitas melalui pengukuran kadar kreatin kinase (CK), malondialdehid (MDA), dan aktivitas superoksida dismutase (SOD). Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor tikus jantan yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, terdiri dari 5 ekor tiap kelompok. Kelompok 1 merupakan kontrol yang hanya diberikan NaCMC 0,5%; kelompok 2 (induksi atorvastatin 20 mg/kgBB selama 3 minggu dan dilanjut dengan 40 mg/kgBB selama 2 minggu); kelompok 3 (diberi madu 4,5 ml/kgBB); kelompok 4, 5, dan 6 (diberi madu 1,5 ml; 3 ml; 4,5 ml/kgBB, berturut-turut selanjutnya selang waktu 2 jam diinduksi atorvastatin). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar CK sebelum dan setelah perlakuan selama lima minggu pada tikus yang diinduksi atorvastatin mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan (p<0.05), sedangkan kadar CK pada kelompok tikus yang lainnya tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang bermakna. Kadar MDA setelah perlakuan pada tikus yang hanya diinduksi atorvastatin menunjukkan kadar yang relatif tinggi, namun secara statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dengan kelompok tikus yang lainnya. Demikian pula dengan aktivitas SOD pada tikus yang hanya diinduksi atorvastatin tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna dengan kelompok tikus yang diberi madu sebelum induksi atorvastatin.
Uji efek analgetik dan antiinflamasi ekstrak etanol 70% daun beruwas laut (Sacevola taccada. Gartn.) Roxb) terhadap Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan efek analgetik dan antiinflamasi esktrak etanol 70% daun beruwas laut (Sacevola taccada. Gartn.) Roxb) terhadap Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan pendekatan pre dan post test control group design. Sampel dibagi dalam 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan kelompok ekstrak. Pada kelompok ekstrak, menggunakan 3 dosis ekstrak yang berbeda yaitu ekstrak dosis 12,5 mg/kgBB, 25 mg/kgBB, dan 37,5 mg/kgBB. Penentuan analgetik dengan metode Writhing test yang diinduksi dengan asam asetat 1% sedangkan antiinflamasi dengan pembentukan edema buatan dengan penginduksi karagen 1%. Efek analgetik dan antiinflamasi diperoleh pada ekstrak etanol 70% daun beruwas laut (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb) dengan dosis 12,5 mg/kgBB, 25 mg/kgBB, dan 37,5 mg/kgBB yang ditandai dengan jumlah geliatan dan radang pada kaki yang berbeda dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis statistik menggunakan metode SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) menunjukkan bahwa efek analgetik dan antiinflamasi diperlihatkan oleh Ekstrak etanol 70% daun beruwas laut (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb). dosis 12,5 mg/kgBB, 25 mg/kgBB, dan 37,5 mg/kgBB tidak berbeda nyata dengan asam mefenamat dan natrium diklofenak.
ABSTRACT Excessive doses of paracetamol have the potential to cause acute kidney injury and even death. Gynura procumbens has been traditionally used as folk-medicine for kidney disease. This study aimed to examine the nephroprotective effect of Gynura procumbens leaf extract against paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Twenty-five male wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into 5 groups. Healthy control group, placebo group, and 3 extract treatment groups that received either 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg dose. The placebo (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) or extract was given 4 consecutive days prior to paracetamol (2400 mg/kg) administration on day 5. Blood samples were withdrawn before treatment initiated (day 0), after treatment before paracetamol administration (day 5) and 24-hour after paracetamol administration (day 6). Blood samples were analyzed to obtain urea and creatinine levels. In addition, histopathological analysis was performed on the renal tissue. Paracetamol administration was shown to significantly increase the urea and creatinine levels, and the extract at 300 mg/kg dose was able to significantly prevent the elevation of the renal biomarkers. The histopathological analysis also revealed a significant reduction in renal histopathological injury in 300 mg/kg extract group. It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of the Gynura procumbens at a dose of 300 mg/kg has a good protective effect on kidney function and tissue structure. Key words: Gynura procumbens, nephroprotective, paracetamol
Background: Assessment of functional capacity prior to discharge can help identify patients at risk for readmissions in heart failure patients. This research aims to conduct a study in order to assess the distance traveled in the six-minute walk test (6-MWT) as a predictor of readmission rates in patients with congestive heart failure.Methods: This type of research is a quantitative correlational study with a prospective cohort study experimental design. Data were collected when the patient was treated at the Integrated Cardiac Center of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital with a diagnosis of heart failure. The research was conducted from June 2019 to December 2019 after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethical committee. 6-MWT measures the distance that a patient can quickly walk on a flat, hard surface in a period of 6-MWD. To see the correlation between the components of 6-MWT the readmission using one-way anova. To determine the cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity of each component of the 6-MWT to rehospitalization using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS and SAP programs.Results: Out of the 93 samples, the 6-MWD has a significant p<0.001 for the readmission incidence≤30 days, meaning that the higher the 6-MWT value, it correlates with the decrease in the number of readmission incidents. In the ROC curve analysis for the 6-MWD parameter, it was found that the 6-MWD had a good predictability of readmission events in≤30 days (C=0.781, p<0.001).Conclusions: 6-MWD can be used to predict readmissions in≤30 days in heart failure patients. The lower the 6-MWD with a cut off of 183 meters, the higher the risk of readmission in≤30 days of heart failure patients. By knowing the cut off value, 6-MWD can be used as a reference to create a comprehensive treatment flow for heart failure patients to prevent increased readmission rates. In the end, it can reduce the burden of treatment costs on heart failure patients.
1. This study investigated the effects of tacrine (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine) on the resting and stimulation-induced (SI) release of radioactive substances from isolated preparations of rat atria and rabbit pulmonary artery in which the noradrenergic transmitter stores had been labelled with [3H]-noradrenaline, and from rat atrial preparations in which cholinergic transmitter stores had been labelled with [3H]-acetylcholine. In addition, the effect of tacrine on the uptake of [3H]-noradrenaline by noradrenergic nerves in rat atria was determined. 2. Tacrine produced concentration-dependent increases in the resting efflux of radioactivity from both the [3H]-noradrenaline-loaded artery and atrial preparations. Blockade of neuronal amine transport with desipramine reduced the release of radioactivity evoked by tacrine from atria but not that evoked from artery preparations. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by pargyline pretreatment markedly reduced the tacrine-evoked release of radioactivity in both atrial and artery preparations. 3. The radioactivity released from [3H]-noradrenaline-labelled rat atrial preparations by 30 mumol/L tacrine consisted entirely of the deaminated metabolite [3H]-DOPEG. The evoked release of [3H]-DOPEG from atria was reduced by approximately 50% by desipramine (1 mumol/L). When atrial monoamine oxidase had been inhibited by pargyline treatment in vivo and in vitro, 30 mumol/L tacrine evoked the release of [3H]-noradrenaline instead of [3H]-DOPEG. However, the amounts of [3H]-noradrenaline released by tacrine when monoamine oxidase was inhibited were only about 25% of the amounts of [3H]-DOPEG released in untreated atria. 4. Tacrine, in concentrations of 1 and 10 mumol/L, enhanced the release of radioactivity evoked by field stimulation of [3H]-noradrenaline-loaded rabbit pulmonary artery preparations. This effect was unaltered by desipramine or pretreatment with pargyline. However, in artery preparations pretreated with pargyline, a high concentration of tacrine (100 mumol/L) markedly reduced SI efflux. In contrast to the findings with artery preparations, tacrine (1-30 mumol/L) did not alter SI efflux in rat atrial preparations. 5. It is concluded that tacrine displaces noradrenaline from intraneuronal transmitter stores of sympathetically-innervated tissues, and that the displaced amine is totally metabolized by monoamine oxidase before leaving the nerve terminals. When deamination of neuronal cytoplasmic noradrenaline is prevented, only a portion of the noradrenaline displaced from storage vesicles passes to the extracellular space. It is likely that the transfer of cytoplasmic noradrenaline out of the terminals is limited by the activity of the amine transport mechanism.
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