This paper presents an estimate of the potential for energy efficiency improvements in the U.S. building sector by 2030. The analysis uses the Energy Information Administration's AEO 2007 Reference Case as a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, and applies percentage savings estimates by end use drawn from several prior efficiency potential studies. These prior studies include the U.S. Department of Energy's Scenarios for a Clean Energy Future (CEF) study and a recent study of natural gas savings potential in New York state. For a few end uses for which savings estimates are not readily available, the LBNL study team compiled technical data to estimate savings percentages and costs of conserved energy. The analysis shows that for electricity use in buildings, approximately one-third of the BAU consumption can be saved at a cost of conserved energy of 2.7 ¢/kWh (all values in 2007 dollars), while for natural gas approximately the same percentage savings is possible at a cost of between 2.5 and 6.9 $/million Btu (2.4 to 6.6 $/GJ). This cost-effective level of savings results in national annual energy bill savings in 2030 of nearly $170 billion. To achieve these savings, the cumulative capital investment needed between 2010 and 2030 is about $440 billion, which translates to a 2-1/2 year simple payback period, or savings over the life of the measures that are nearly 3.5 times larger than the investment required (i.e., a benefit-cost ratio of 3.5).ii
Design options that are presently commercially available or that are in prototypes were established in Draft Report on Design Options for Clothes Washers [1]. This report also discussed design options which were screened out from further analysis based on provisions detailed in the Department of Energy's Interpretive Rule [2]. Analysis of economic criteria will be found in a future report. Maximum Technologically Feasible Designs A maximum technologically feasible design option consisting of a combination of individual design options was identified. This option, or combination of options, results in the highest energy
China is the largest exporter of fluorescent lamps, accounting for 33% of world exports in 2003 and supplying significant quantities to final markets in the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Korea, and Mexico. China, the United States, and Brazil all have national energy-efficiency labeling programs in place for compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). As dependence on Chinese imports grow, inconsistencies in testing procedures, laboratory conditions, technical specifications, and classification place additional costs on labeling programs in importing countries and increase the difficulty of identifying, labeling, and promoting energy-efficient CFLs to consumers. We examine critical differences among energy-efficiency labeling programs for CFLs in Brazil, China, United States, and the seven members of the international Efficient Lighting Initiative (ELI) in terms of technical specifications and test procedures, and review issues related to international harmonization of these standards.
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