Various aspects of psychodrama outcome research are examined, and 23 outcome studies, published between 1952 and 1985, are summarized in tabular form and interpreted as a whole. Although the limitations of these studies are recognized, it is concluded that psychodrama constitutes a valid alternative to other therapeutic approaches, especially in promoting behavior change in adjustment, antisocial, and related disorders.
408This study investigates psychodrama participants' perception of therapeutic factors with a new questionnaire constructed on the basis of six categories: emotional abreaction (EA), interpersonal relationship (IP), cognitive insight (CI), behavioral learning (BL), therapist qualities (TQ), and nonspecific healing aids (NS). The 60-item questionnaire was administered to 40 participants of psychodrama in an attempt to assess which specific events they found most helpful. This same questionnaire was also given to a control group of 42 persons without any previous experience in psychotherapy who were asked what they ideally would find helpful in psychotherapy. The results show that EA and CI were perceived as most helpful by the psychodrama group, whereas the control group found NS most helpful. These results suggest that participants of psychodrama and verbal group psychotherapy appreciate similar therapeutic factors, which is in agreement with most earlier research in this area.
The author presents an integrative approach to understanding and managing interpersonal conflicts that can be applied both to intragroup conflicts in psychotherapy groups and to the marital and organizational environment within either a psychoanalytical or an action-orientated framework. Four levels of intervention approaches are reviewed, including their underlying theoretical assumptions. At the first `emotional' level of conflict-management, group leaders focus on the expression of pent-up hostility. At the second `intrapsychic' level, they focus on the correction of perceptual distortions in one or both of the antagonists. At the third `interpersonal' level, leaders focus on disturbances of interaction and communication between two antagonists and at the fourth `group-as-a-whole' level, they focus on global group dynamic factors that seem to be influencing the conflict. Perspectives that focus solely on one level are seen as limited and incomplete.
This article defines sociodrama as an experiential group-as-a-whole procedure for social exploration and inter-group conflict trans-formation. As such, sociodrama can be regarded as an action-oriented and structured counterpart to group analysis with large groups. After a brief description of its history, practice and theory, three different applications of sociodrama are described which alternatively focus on actual traumatic events and social crises, on political change and social disintegration, and on social diversity which leads to inter-group conflict and prejudice. The various goals of sociodrama, towards more homeostasis, equality and tolerance in society, may prepare the ground for inter-group conflict resolution and peace promotion on a more global socio-political scale.
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