Since late 2019, an outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread all over the world, challenging the sustainability of global agri-food markets. Although its full impact on agricultural and food markets is not yet evident, we have some early evidence on the different impacts. The aim of this article is to summarize the early evidence by screening global newspaper articles and sites written on the topic until 10 April 2020. The most read English-based newspaper articles were downloaded and accessed together with a Google search on specific keywords in order to have a complete picture of the topic. Results suggest that agriculture-related pandemic effects can be grouped into supply, demand, labour, food security, food safety, trade and other effects. It is also evident that the first impacts are not one-sided: what helped some hurt others. This article can serve as a basis for future research on the topic by identifying and highlighting the key topics as well as summarizing the earliest evidence available.
In our study, we examined whether product characteristics indicated by food labels matter in purchasing decisions for sausage made from traditional Hungarian mangalica pork; and how much consumers are willing to pay for them. On the other hand, we also tried to measure whether any changes in consumers’ preferences occurred in recent years. Two product characteristics (label of origin and different mangalica meat content) and two other factors (place of purchase and price) are examined in a discrete choice experiment based on stated preference data. According to our expectations, government-funded consumer campaigns in recent years have had an impact on consumers purchase of this traditional product, and they pay more attention to food labels, which can also be influenced by sociodemographic characteristics. Our results have been compared to a previous choice-model based research, investigating consumers’ attitude towards similar mangalica pork products. Three different types of models (multinomial logit, random parameter logit, and latent class) are employed, from which two types of models account for the heterogeneity in preferences. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the advertisements promoting traditional meat consumption had only a partial effect on consumer attitudes. Consumers clearly prefer the label of origin indicating meat from registered animals and purchasing on the farmers’ market, but according to the indication of the different mangalica meat content in the product, we have already reached conflicting results. Three consumer segments were identified: “price sensitive, loyal to label, label neutral” based on latent class model estimates.
Geographical Indications (GIs) can increase producer margins and contribute to local economic development, but the extent to which they do so depends on the nature of consumer demand. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) considers the value that consumers place on a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) in comparison with a leading manufacturer’s brand, as well as the importance of taste variations. Based on an application of DCE to sausages in Hungary, results indicate that a PGI can generate value to consumers exceeding that conveyed by the leading manufacturer’s brand. Consumers’ taste preferences, however, may not be consistent with the specification of GI products. Latent Class (LC) and Random parameter Latent Class (RLC) analyses identify two consumer segments, with the majority of consumers (71%-LC, 65%-RLC) classified as traditionalists, who most value the GI label, while a minority (29%-LC, 35%-RLC) is brand conscious, for whom the GI status is less salient. Both theoretical and business implications for GI marketing and club branding are drawn.
In recent years, the Hooded crow (Corvus cornix) has become one of the most successful wild bird species in urban environments across Europe. Hooded crows can cause several problems in cities, including trash scattering, noise disturbance, and aggressive behavior toward humans or pets, and they can be potential vectors of pathogens. To find effective solutions, the public has to be involved in the decision-making process in urban planning management, managed by the city administration. In this study, we surveyed the attitude of people in Hungary towards crows and crow management by collecting information using an online questionnaire containing 65 questions published in 14 Facebook groups. We found that many people were familiar with corvid species and had personal experience with them. In most cases, these experiences were not negative, so the crows were not or only rarely perceived to cause problems to people, such as aggressive behavior, damage to cars or stealing something. Most respondents recognized that the presence of large numbers of hooded crows is a problem to be solved and acknowledged that they do not know how to resolve it. The majority of people expressed their interest in raising public awareness of crows but not in their management actions, which they believe should be implemented by experts. Most respondents preferred passive, harmless methods. More direct methods such as egg/chick removal from the nest, control by trapping, poisoned baits or firearms, or oral contraceptives were the least acceptable. These results express the difficulty in identifying a control method for managing hooded crow populations that is both acceptable to most people and effective at the same time. This study demonstrates the importance of involving public opinion in wildlife management and providing more information to citizens to reduce human-crow conflicts.
A cikk célja, hogy bemutassa egy preferenciaértékelő módszer (diszkrét választási kísérlet [discrete choice experiments, DCE]) egyik leggyakrabban alkalmazott modelljének (multinomiális logit, MNL) becslési folyamatát és eredményeinek értelmezését az R Apollo csomag alkalmazásán keresztül. A szerzők egy mindenki számára hozzáférhető adatbázist használnak a tanulmányban példaként, amely a különböző utazási alternatívákra vonatkozó preferenciákat vizsgálja. Az adatbázis részletes bemutatását követően modelljük felépítésének lépéseit ismertetik, és végül az eredményeket értelmezik.
A rövid ellátási láncok a nemzetközi tanulmányok egyre gyakrabban vizsgált területének számítanak. Sokan elterjedésükben látják a fenntarthatóság megoldását a mezőgazdaságban. Egyik meghatározó értékesítési csatornái a termelői piacok, melyek száma nagyot ugrott az utóbbi években Magyarországon. A termelői piacok fogyasztóit világszerte számos tanulmány elemzi, azonban az egyetemisták termelői piaccal való kapcsolatát kevés kutatás vizsgálja. Az USA-ban azonban akadnak erre példák; sőt az is jellemző, hogy termelői piacokat rendeznek az egyetemi campusokon. Az egyetemisták nem tipikus vásárlói a termelői piacoknak, azonban ők lesznek a jövő fogyasztói, így érdemes megvizsgálni az ő szokásaikat, igényeiket is. Egyetemisták által kitöltött kérdőív segítségével megvizsgáljuk, hogy mutatkozik-e különbség a korábbi tanulmányokban vizsgált és az általunk elemzett egyetemisták élelmiszervásárlási szokásai között. Vannak-e egyértelműen azonosítható termelői piacra járási szokásaik? Van-e igény termelői piacok rendezésére az egyetemek campusán? A Magyarországon tanuló egyetemisták élelmiszervásárlási szokásai jórészt megegyeznek a korábban végzett kutatások által vizsgált egyetemisták szokásaival. Egyetemi hallgatóknál az élelmiszervásárlás során főként a termékek ára, a kényelem, a választék és a minőség szempontok dominálnak. A kérdőívet kitöltő egyetemisták 31%-a még soha nem vásárolt termelői piacon, és csupán 21%-a vásárol rendszeresen. A rendszeresen nem vásárlók legfőbb akadálya a termelői piacoktól való távolság, amire megoldást jelenthet a termelői piacok egyetemi campuson történő megrendezése. A tanulmányban vizsgált minta 95%-a nyitott erre, így érdemes lenne egy-egy egyetem tekintetében külön kutatást végezni és a pozitív eredményeket gyakorlatba is átvezetni.JEL-kódok: O13, P46, Q13
Short food supply chains are increasingly investigated areas of international studies. One of its defining sales channels is the farmers’ market, the number of which has grown substantially in Hungary in recent years. Many studies analyze the consumers of farmers’ markets worldwide, but only a few examine the relationship of university students with farmers’ markets. Although university students are not typical customers of farmers’ markets, it is essential to investigate their habits since they are the consumers of the future. Based on a questionnaire survey among Hungarian university students (n = 262), the price, convenience, selection, and quality aspects of the products dominate. We also identified clusters based on food purchasing criteria: (1) price-sensitive consumers, (2) health-conscious consumers, and (3) brand-loyal consumers. The main obstacle for non-regular buyers is the distance from farmers’ markets, which can be solved by organizing farmers’ markets on university campuses. 95% of the sample is open to this, so it would be worthwhile to conduct independent research for each university and put the positive results into practice.
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