Os revestimentos ou coberturas comestíveis são uma alternativa para a conservação de frutas pós-colheita, além de promover alguns benefícios como manutenção da cor, diminuição da perda de massa, propriedades de barreira, esses compostos são de fácil aplicação e biodegradáveis. O presente estudo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão sobre os revestimentos comestíveis proteicos zeína, glúten de trigo, gelatina e proteínas do soro do leite. Os trabalhos mostram que os revestimentos mantêm as características sensoriais, além de aumentar a vida útil dos frutos.

Pinhão is highly perishable due to its high water activity, being easily affected by fungi during storage and also susceptible to infestation by larvae. This seed is usually marketed in the pinhão cones itself, or bulk threshed, and packed in plastic bags, chilled or ground frozen. Pinhão conservation and industrialization techniques should be developed to promote its commercialization and consumption at other times of the year, besides the seasonal period, encouraging its sustainable production, extraction and commercialization, considering its essentially extractive character. The objective of this study was to evaluate the conservation of pinhão by the use of gamma radiation and refrigeration. The pinhões were irradiated with a cobalt–60 source at a dose rate of 1 kGy. A non-irradiated sample was used as a control. The pinhões were packed in high-density polyethylene bags and stored at ambient temperature and refrigerated at 4 ºC, during 90 days. Pinhões were evaluated for weight loss, acidity, reducing sugars, vitamin C, firmness, color, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and microbiological analyzes. The isolated use of gamma radiation was not effective for the maintenance of the evaluated parameters. However, when used in conjunction with refrigerated storage, it reduced the growth of aerobic fungi, as well as mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. The isolated use of refrigeration showed a reduction in weight loss, reducing sugars and an increase in vitamin C content and antioxidant activity. Thus, to increase the benefits, we suggest evaluating higher doses of radiation as a function of the thick pinhão shell.

The minimal processing of pinhão causes an increase in mass loss, physiological deterioration and the growth of microorganisms. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the conservation of minimally processed pinhão using edible chitosan and gelatin coatings. The pinhões were minimally processed and coated with chitosan, gelatin and chitosan/gelatin using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique. They were then dried under forced ventilation, packaged in a polyethylene terephthalate package and stored at 4 °C for 10 days. The analyses performed were weight loss, pH, reducing sugars, vitamin C, color, microbiological analysis and sensory analysis. Benefits were observed with the use of chitosan and gelatin coatings, especially when applied using the LbL technique. The best combination of results was obtained with the application of the chitosan/gelatin coating, mainly reduction of weight loss and inhibition of growth of fungi and aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria. The coating did not retard the maturation process, thus, higher vitamin C contents were obtained. The coatings did not influence the taste and aroma of minimally processed pinhão. Minimal processing can encourage the consumption of seeds, besides this, the conservation using edible coating based on chitosan/gelatin, applied with the LbL technique associated with refrigeration, extended their shelf life.

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