Fatal hydrogen sulphide poisoning usually occurs in confined spaces. We report two fatal accidents in unconfined spaces. The first accident caused the death of three workers who entered an unconfined room in a silo of sludge at the same time that a truck dumped several tons of sludge from water purification stations. The hydrogen sulphide that had accumulated inside the silo spilled out into the interior of the room due to a 'splashing effect' caused by the impact of the dumped sludge. The second accident occurred when the foreman of a wastewater treatment plant entered one of the substations to perform routine checks and suddenly lost consciousness. Although he was rapidly transferred to an intensive care unit, death occurred a few hours later. Hydrogen sulphide production was, in this case, due to an 'embolism effect' produced by the displacement of wastewater when the substation pumps were activated. We suggest ways in which accidents such as these caused by sudden release of hydrogen sulphide can be prevented.
Hydrofluoric acid readily penetrates the skin and mucous membranes, causing deep tissue layer destruction. Dermal exposure can produce hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperkalaemia, cardiac dysrhythmias and death. We report the case of a 52-year-old man who presented hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia due to occupational dermal contact with hydrofluoric acid. Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia were corrected by i.v. administration of calcium gluconate and magnesium sulphate.
PRAT-MARIN, A. et al. Epidemiología del tabaquismo en los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Rev. Saúde Pública, 28: 1994. Las características del hábito tabáquico en los estudiantes de la División de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Barcelona han sido estudiadas en este trabajo. Durante el Curso Académico 1988-89, 382 alumnos han sido entrevistados individualmente en relación al tabaquismo, mediante el cuestionario utilizado habitualmente por el Departamento de Sanidad y Segundad Social de la Generalidad de Cataluña (España), con las modificaciones más oportunas para este colectivo específico. Asimismo se ha recogido información relacionada con la influencia de los estudios universitarios en el hábito de fumar, la autorización de la publicidad y la eficacia de los programas y campañas de lucha antitabaco desarrollados por las Administraciones públicas. La prevalencia de tabaquismo ha sido del 40,8% (29,8% de fumadores habituales y 11% de fumadores ocasionales). Hay que remarcar que los estudios relacionados con la salud no parecen influir de forma destacada en el hábito de los estudiantes, siendo el entorno cultural y social los factores que tienen un papel más determinante en este sentido. Como conclusión final señalar que, para disminuir la prevalencia de tabaquismo en este importante colectivo, hay que instaurar programas educativos a nivel de la escolarización pre-universitaria (bachillerato unificado polivalente y curso de orientación universitaria), e introducir modificaciones en los futuros planes de estudio de las profesiones sanitarias, de manera que los contenidos relacionados con el tabaco sean más motivadores para los alumnos.Descriptores: Tabaquismo, epidemiologia. Estudiantes del area de la salud. IntroducciónEl consumo de tabaco es la principal causa prevenible de pérdida de salud y de muerte prematura que tienen actualmente los paises desarrollados, y representa una seria amenaza para la salud pública de los países en vías de desarrollo.Actualmente en Europa se producen aproximadamente un millón de muertes anuales como consecuencia del tabaquismo. En la Región de las Américas se cifran en medio millón las muertes prematuras debidas al tabaco 4,5,15,25,30,38,39 . Los profesionales sanitarios (médicos, farmacéuticos, diplomados en enfermería, e outros), constituyen el colectivo social con mayor capacidad de influir positiva o negativamente en la prevalencia del hábito de fumar en una colectividad.Pueden tener un triple rol o papel a desempeñar en la lucha antitabáquica: modelos ejemplarizadores, educadores sanitarios y sensibilizadores del impacto del tabaco en la comunidad 17,37 . El papel ejemplar o modélico es ejercido cuando los profesionales sanitarios son "no fumadores" o "exfumadores".Actúan como agentes de educación sanitaria cuando informan al resto de la población de los riesgos sanitarios del consumo del tabaco, motivando y fomentando el abandono del hábito.Finalmente, los profesionales sanitarios pueden desempeñar un importante papel como líderes activos para promover la pr...
Background: Anisakis is a marine nematode. Its larvae can be found encysted in several species, both in the abdominal cavity and in the adjacent musculature. The most commonly affected commercial species are hake, whiting, cod, and mackerel. The prevalence in fish varies according to the fishing area and the size of the host. Materials and methods: Until now only three species have been confirmed to be involved in human anisakiasis, the most common ones being A. simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and A. pegreffii, and anecdotally, A. physeteris. Infestation in humans occurs when they eat raw or undercooked parasitized fish or cephalopods (pickled, cold-smoked, salted, semi-preserved, prepared in certain Asian styles like sushi or sashimi, ceviche). Results: The majority of anisakiasis cases have been described by Japanese authors. However, over the last few years there has been an increase in the number of cases reported in other countries including Italy and Spain. It is estimated that its incidence in the European Union is 0.32/100,000, and in the Basque Country (Spain), this parasite is responsible for 10% of anaphylaxis cases and 32% of urticaria cases in adults aged 40-60 years, around 300 cases/year. Anisakis-related disease in the work environment (occupational disease) is less common. Conclusions: We present three cases of the occupational disease in Spain due to a type I hypersensitivity to Anisakis simplex in individuals who handle fish (one fishmonger, one supermarket employee, and one chef).
IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis is a disease of unknown aetiology which has been associated with other diseases. Chronic overexposure to cadmium may contribute to the development of this nephrophathy.
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