The origin of Barcelona’s food system can be determined at the time when open-air markets were moved to covered spaces. Since then, market halls have adapted to many different scenarios: they have been the built form of public support for food sanitary control, a guarantee of quality and variety of edibles or a tool for the regeneration of urban fabrics. While in the second half of the twentieth-century comparable market systems in other European cities began to decline, half of the thirty-eight active markets at the end of the 2010s were built out of time in the city as a result of a public policy that accompanied urban expansion through the consolidation of small neighborhood centers. With the development of the so-called “Barcelona model” of regeneration of public space in the 1990s, markets became key pieces for urban transformation through food supply systems, a strategy still in force today.
Abstract. The relationship of Le Corbusier with the street is complex and sometimes contradictory. Young Jeanneret seems to be persuaded by certain sites, which we may define as urban scenarios, during his visits to cities like Istanbul in his formative years. Unlike his hometown La Chaux-de-Fonds -identified by a regular set of streets -these places may have been a picturesque counterpoint activated by a significant topography. Streets meandering along a set of 'Dom-ino' houses in the Oeuvre complete, as the tracking rails of a long shot recording, offer a changing viewpoint that may be considered in relation with such casual arrangements. The claim to kill the 'rue corridor' made in Précisions, together with his later writings, deeply contrast with his own comments on an empty Paris in the summer of 1942 -as published in Les Trois Établissements Humains -praising the same streets he pretended to erase by means of operations like the 'Ilôt Insalubre No 6'. The objective of this paper is to highlight and discuss those contradictions, which can be illustrated by the technical machine-streets conceived for the Ville Contemporaine of 1922 versus the V4 streets formulated in 1947 to reconcile with traditional streets.
Certain architectural structures have the ability to persist over time when a building undergoes a change of use. This is the case of patios, according to the conclusions of a study focused on the reused buildings of Barcelona recently developed. The survey of this architectural element should enable us to better understand the behaviour of these buildings.If we define the open-air inner courtyard of a building as a patio, this study is especially interested in those who have the capacity to organize spaces, systematize circulationsalong with stairs and corridors -and configure the building as a whole. This set of structuring patios particularly applies in a dense city like Barcelona because their position and size also provide liveability to interior rooms. In light of these qualities, such patios can be regarded as an essential piece of both the formal and the bearing structure of a building.The location and attributes of these patios can be associated with the potential for adaptive reuse: they can help achieve a lower impact on the architectural and formal structure of a renovated building, when used appropriately. Hence the patio can be seen as an indicator of how a new programme adapts to the existing support. 171 out of 565 buildings documented and analysed in Barcelona -a thirty percent of the overall -have at least one patio of a kind whose characteristics have outlived one or more renovation processes. The percentage rises to 50% in Ciutat Vella and Eixample districts, where density and architectural typology make them particularly relevant.Buildings with patios match different uses and periods from the 11th to the 20th century. In spite of the expected differences, the studio draws conclusions on the understanding of material transformations and changes of use they have undergone.In short, with regard to buildings included in this category -both heritage and common ones -this paper helps verify the hypothesis that the very existence of a patio is responsible for the persistence of the internal arrangement and structure and must be carefully considered in future interventions when addressed to extend the life-cycle of a building.
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