ResumenMediante el establecimiento de 40 transectos siguiendo la metodología de Gentry, se realizó un análisis de la diversidad, endemismos, composición florística y complementariamente la estructura de la vegetación leñosa de bosques estacionalmente secos (BTES) alterados de cuatro sectores del distrito de Jaén. Las familias más abundantes son Boraginaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae y Cactaceae; los géneros más abundantes son Cordia, Tetrasida, Esenbeckia y Browningia. Las especies más importantes son Cordia iguaguana, Tetrasida chachapoyensis y Browningia altissima, las tres son endémicas restringidas a los bosques estacionalmente secos del Marañón. La diversidad vegetal es moderada. Sin embargo, los resultados confirman que la zona presenta valores sorprendentemente altos en endemismo en contraste con BTES interandinos y BTES orientales de nuestro país, además de los BTES del sur occidente del Ecuador. Por lo tanto, su conservación merece especial consideración. Palabras claves: Diversidad, composición florística, endemismos, bosques estacionalmente secos, Cordia iguaguana, Tetrasida chachapoyensis, Browningia altissima, conservación, Jaén, Perú Abstract A set of transects was established following the Gentry methodology, for determining tree diversity and endemism levels, floristic composition and complementary vegetation structure information in four locations of secondary, Tropical Seasonally Dry Forests (TSDF) of Jaen, Dp. Cajamarca, Peru. The most abundant families are Boraginaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae and Cactaceae; the most abundant genera Cordia, Tetrasida, Esenbeckia y Browningia. The species found to be important are Cordia iguaguana, Tetrasida chachapoyensis y Browningia altissima, the three of them are endemics restricted to the TSDF of the Marañón valley in Peru. Despite the fact that the tree diversity level found is moderate, there are high levels of endemism, in contrast with other interandean and eastern areas in Peru and Ecuador; for this reason, the conservation of the area of study should be prioritized.
Context: Gold mining is the most destructive activity in the natural forests of the Madre de Dios region in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon. Understanding the natural regeneration process of these degraded areas is necessary to develop forest restoration projects in such conditions.Aims: We aimed to evaluate forest recovery and identify the successional and structure patterns of vegetation governing natural regeneration over time.Methods: Structure, composition, richness, diversity, and successional status were evaluated in abandoned artisanal gold mine areas in Madre de Dios, southeastern Peru. Vegetation data were recorded in 61 plots of 250 m2 established in five sites varying from 1 to 19 years of abandonment. Vegetation in abandoned areas was compared with six undisturbed forests evaluated in previous inventories.Results: In the mining lands, tree density and basal area recovered quickly, while species richness and composition were slow. Forest recovery is an initial stage of transition from pioneer to early secondary species until at least 19 years after abandonment. The most abundant and frequent species were the fast-growing species Ochroma pyramidale and Cecropia engleriana. These species could be considered potential candidates to promote restoration plans. Pioneer species represented 63% of the number of species in plots of 1–4 years, 57% in plots of 5–7 years, and 50% in plots of 8–19 years. Early and late secondary species represented 34 and 16%, respectively, of the number of species in plots of 8–19 years. Abandoned mining and reference plots present less than 5% of species in common.Conclusion: Our results highlight a slow natural regeneration process in areas for up to 19 years after gold mining. Species from different successional statuses were identified as potential candidates for recovering vegetation in such areas. Our findings may have important implications for further research focusing on the ecological restoration in tropical forests severely degraded by gold mining.
RESUMOAs plantas de Uncaria guianensis e U. tomentosa são lianas trepadeiras, arbustos trepadores ou rasteiros ascendentes que ocorrem em amplas áreas da Amazônia brasileira e países da América Central e do Sul. Possuem excepcional importância medicinal, com sua casca, lenho e folhas utilizadas pelos povos amazônicos e pela indústria farmacêutica. Face a necessidade da identificação das plantas em condições de campo e de laboratório, o presente trabalho descreveu a estrutura anatômica do lenho de Uncaria guianensis e U. tomentosa, ocorrentes no Estado do Acre, Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que o lenho das espécies é característico da família Rubiaceae, a exceção dos vasos arredondados, grandes e solitários, parenquima axial difuso e largura dos raios que são próprios das lianas. PALAVRAS-CHAVEAnatomia do lenho, liana, Rubiaceae, Uncaria guianensis, Uncaria tomentosa. Wood anatomy of
ResumoO presente trabalho trata do estudo da dendrologia, distribuição geográfica e status de conservação de plantas de U. guianensis (Aubl.) J.F. Gmel. e U. tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) DC. de interesse medicinal, com ocorrência no Estado do Acre, Brasil. A pesquisa consistiu na coleta de material botânico, levantamento e estudo das exsicatas de herbários do Brasil e outros países da América do Sul, complementada pela revisão bibliográfica das espécies na literatura e nos sítios especializados. São apresentadas as descrições morfológicas, ilustrações, mapeamento dos espécimes e a determinação da situação populacional das duas espécies. Palavras-chave: Uncaria, Rubiaceae, distribuição geográfica, status de conservação, Acre-Brasil. ResumenEl presente trabajo del estudio de la dendrología, distribución geográfica y status de conservación de plantas de U. guianensis (Aubl.) J.F. Gmel. y U. tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) DC. De interés medicinal, que ocurren en el Estado de Acre, Brasil. La investigación consiste en la colecta de material botánico, levantamiento y estudio de las exicatas en los herbarios de Brasil y otros países de América del Sur, completada por la revisión bibliográfica de las especies en la literatura y en los sitios especializados. Se presenta la descripción morfológica, ilustraciones, mapeamiento de las especies, así como la determinación de la situación poblacional de las dos especies analizadas. Palabras clave: Uncaria, Rubiaceae, distribución geográfica, status de conservación, Acre-Brasil. AbstractThis paper presents the study of the dendrology, geographical distribution and status of conservation of U. guianensis (Aubl.) J.F. Gmel. and U. tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) DC. of medicinal application, occurring in the State of Acre, Brazil. This research consisted in collecting botanical material, surveys and the study of botany samples in Brazilian and other South American herbaria, complemented by a bibliographical review of those species in published and specialized sites. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, mapping of the species and the determination of the population status of both species are also presented.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.