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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of networked power in a concentrated business network. Power is a long standing theme in inter-organisational research, yet there is a paucity of studies about how power emerges and is constructed over time at the network level. The paper adopts process, systems and network theory to interpret a rich single case study from the food industry. Three power mechanisms are identified, gatekeeping, decoupling and resource allocation, which form the basis of a model of networked power dynamics. Empirically tracing the dynamics of networked power highlights the economic contents of interactions. The paper extends current understandings of power as 'conflict and

This paper explores and discusses the internationalization of a new medical technology that emerged out of a Danish university hospital. While the particular invention took place in the periphery of the international medical network, the new venture circulated to the most competent and influential international science-business networks in order to mobilize the resources and competencies required to develop the technology and make a breakthrough into the market. The study demonstrates that such an innovation IntroductionThis article is an empirically oriented paper addressing interactions and activities in the processes that brought a radically new medical technology from invention to international medical markets. As such, the case describes a typical Born Global (BG) invention and business development process. It addresses the roles of academic, institutional and business networks through the innovation process, emphasizing how the venture moved across are also several recent calls for studies to assess factors that can either facilitate or inhibit the development of academic entrepreneurship into successful international businesses and to explore such approaches to explain it (Peiris et al. 2012;Siegel and Wright 2015).We perceive that the core issue raised by the emergence of rapidly internationalizing and scaling of the business is to understand how they apparently circumvent the time and capacity building constraints of the learning dependent process that is core to the early internationalization theory. How can these small firms internationalize so fast if they do not possess the capabilities required? There has accordingly been a pressing need to examine Recently scholars have contended the phenomena of rapid internationalization by studying BGs beyond the lifespan of the legal entity. Several studies have claimed that the pre-founding process is significantly extended, therefore, increase the period without international activities (Hewerdine and Welch 2013;Laurell et al. 2013).At the same time, scholars emphasize the role of the pre-founding period of newly established firms where the entrepreneurs build their skills and experiences and build professional/personal networks. Some studies have in particular pointed at the networking activities in pre-founding periods as a critical factor Coviello 2006;Madsen and Servais 1997;Zahra 2005). However, there is still the question of how, after obtaining such pre-expansion capacity, founders of technology-based INVs/BGs manage to govern, coordinate

This paper analyzes the roles of deals in innovation processes based on our definition of a deal as the interaction of social-material value creating processes with money-handing processes. The paper is based on a study of Transaortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) as an innovative new technology in the areaof thoracic surgery in a global setting. We found that deals play important roles in innovation processes as critical junctions marking entries to different phases and generate major shifts in location as well as the combination of resources, activities and actors. These shifts include radical changes in control, where actors in possession of resources necessary to bring the project through the next phase, move in to take control, thereby expanding their businesses into new growth niches. Based on the analysis of seven deals, we argue that the innovation process is a process pulled by later stage entrepreneurial interests, rather than pushed by early stage entrepreneurs. This poses a critical argument against the entrepreneur-oriented explanations in the international new venturing literature, and points to the international venture industry and incumbent companies as the primary drivers of new international ventures.This work also highlights why and how an innovation that may initiate anywhere in the periphery, will tend to move to the most competent and capable networks around the globe, that are most relevant to the needs of the innovation project. Hence, the more powerful business networks and eco-systems will tend to pull interesting inventions in from their periphery, and effectively grow them.

This paper employs a novel method for assessing the appropriateness of different types of entrepreneurial education. With the help of cognitive mapping as a research tool, it visualizes entrepreneurship as a skill-and-attitude-demanding activity and compares a generated model of required entrepreneurship capabilities derived from cognitive mapping of engaged entrepreneurs, with mapping of three Scandinavian graduate programmes in entrepreneurship; at BI Norwegian Business School, University of Oslo and Lund University. The cognitive maps are discussed and compared, focusing on elements that are under- or over-represented in the programmes when compared to our model. Based on our findings, a number of recommendations to people involved in creating and managing entrepreneurship programs are proposed: More attention to selection of students with appropriate attitudes, increased attention to certain under-represented topics (employee management, social networks, marketing and sales skills), more application of experiential and networking approaches, and increased focus on self-learning.