Understanding drought tolerance status in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is very important for the development of sorghum varieties suitable for sub-optimal, drought prone areas in Indonesia. We estimated drought tolerance status of 20 Indonesian sorghum genotypes by observing their leaf water potential under glasshouse condition. Research design was randomized complete block design with 20 sorghum genotypes, 2 water treatments (control and water stress), and 2 replicates. The control plants were irrigated under field capacity, while the water stress treated plants were sown under field capacity followed by drought treatment without watering for one month. Sorghum seeds were cultivated in soil medium containing top soil, organic fertilizer and sand (50:20:30) in four 1x1.2x1 m3 containers. Seeds were sown in soil media pre-treated with tap water under field capacity. Leaf water potential was observed one month after planting by using WP 4 Dew Point. Plant growth performances, including plant height and leaf width were observed. Leaf water potential observation of the 20 sorghum genotypes showed that 2 sorghums genotypes, KLR and KS, had leaf water potential of -2.43 Mpa and - 2.455 Mpa respectively, which were categorized as tolerance to water stress. Four sorghum genotypes, Buleleng Empok, UPCA, Kawali and WHP, had leaf water potential of -3.7275 MPa, -3.7650, - 3.7700 and - 3.7950 Mpa respectively, were classified to be very sensitive to drought stress. The rest of the sorghum genotypes were classified as medium tolerance with leaf water potential between - 2.5200 Mpa and 3.6550 Mpa. Although it is a preliminary results and needs to be combined with field experimental data, the results obtained was an important step in determining sorghum genotypes which was best suited to be cultivated in drought prone areas and also to identify sorghum genotypes suitable to be used as drought tolerant trait donor.
Abstract. Wawo AH, Sumbogo VG, Lestari P. 2020. Comparison on seed germination and seedling growth between Indonesian local corn cultivars for decide the quality of seed. Biodiversitas 21: 3189-3199. Each region in Indonesia has local corn cultivars (Zea mays L), for example, South Sulawesi has some Pulut Pangkajene cultivars and Purbalingga, Central Java has Entog and Senggani cultivars. Compared to hybrid corn, local corn has its advantages such as dry resistance, short life, and specific taste. The identification of seed germination and seedling growth for Pangkajene corn (South Sulawesi), Entog and Senggani corns (Purbalingga) has not been performed, thus, specific characteristics to differ those three corn cultivars have not been available. The study aims to establish the characteristics of local corn cultivars, comprise the seed germination, seedling growth, and determine the best local corn cultivars for supporting food sources. This research has Factorial patterned with a Completely Randomized Design and it was repeated 4 times. The main factor is the germination facility, namely germination chamber and nursery house. Meanwhile, the second factors are corn cultivars, namely Pangkajene, Entog, and Senggani. The result shows that the Pangkajene and Entog cultivars have higher germinability and germination value compared to Senggani corn cultivar. Pangkajene and Senggani cultivars have higher seedling growth than Entog cultivar seedlings characterized by high relative growth rate (R) values. The Pangkajene cultivar has higher quality compared to 2 local corn cultivars of Entog and Senggani from Purbalingga (Central Java). Further, Senggani cultivars have higher quality than Entog cultivars.
Bagi Suku Dani, yang mendiami Lembah Balim, Pegunungan Tengah Papua; ubi jalar adalah komoditas pokok dan zero waste. Bagian pucuk tanaman ini digunakan sebagai sayur, batang dan daun tua sebagai pakan, sedangkan umbi ubi jalar sebagai pangan utama. Sistem budidaya yang dilakukan wanita Suku Dani, yakni memangkas tajuk ubi jalar sebagai sumber pangan dan pakan menjadi latar belakang penelitian dengan tujuan mempelajari pengaruh pemangkasan tajuk terhadap produksi umbi ubi jalar. Data hasil penelitian ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk menentukan waktu pemangkasan pucuk yang tepat agar kebutuhan daun muda, batang dan daun tua, serta umbi ubi jalar dapat dipenuhi secara optimal. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Raya Biologi Wamena pada bulan Juni-Desember 2017. Plot percobaan disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Perlakuan terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu kultivar (Helaleke (H), Musan (M), Wenabuge (W) dan Tabugole (T)) dan pemangkasan (tanpa pangkas, 2 bulan, dan 4 bulan). Hasilnya menunjukkan untuk budidaya ubi jalar dataran tinggi, pemangkasan pucuk batang di umur 2 bulan mengurangi ukuran tajuk tanaman, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi umbi tanaman ubi jalar. Pemangkasan pucuk batang pada umur 4 bulan tidak direkomendasikan. Produksi berat umbi lebih dipengaruhi oleh varietas daripada perlakukan pemangkasan. Kultivar Musan direkomendasikan untuk dibudidayakan dengan tujuan dipanen pucuk dan umbinya. Kultivar Tabugole masih dapat dibudidaya untuk produksi pucuk dan umbi apabila panen pucuk dilakukan paling lambat umur 2 bulan, sedangkan Kultivar Helaleke dan Wenabuge sebaiknya tidak dipangkas.
Sebagian besar daerah di Indonesia memiliki kultivar jagung lokal. Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan adalah salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki kultivar jagung lokal yang disebut Jagung Pulut. Setiap kabupaten di provinsi ini memiliki satu atau dua kultivar jagung pulut yang telah beradaptasi baik dengan kondisi daerahnya. Cara budidaya jagung pulut antar lokasi berbeda-beda sehingga tidak cukup data untuk menyimpulkan kultivar jagung pulut terbaik untuk daerah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan keanekaragaman jagung pulut dari Sulawesi Selatan dan menggali informasi pertumbuhan dan produksi; kami juga menetapkan kultivar jagung pulut terbaik dari Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian untuk mendapatkan keanekaragaman jagung pulut dilakukan melalui survei pada beberapa lokasi di provinsi Sulawesi Selatan sedangkan penelitian pertumbuhan dilakukan di Kebun Penelitian Puslit Biologi, LIPI menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan telah terkoleksi 4 kultivar jagung pulut dari Sulawesi Selatan yaitu Kultivar Gowa, Pangkajene, Batarakamu dan Batarakoasa. Kultivar Batarakamu direkomendasikan untuk dikembangkan.
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