The objective of this study was to determine falls risk profiles to derive a falls risk prediction score and establish a simple and practical clinical screening tool for Chinese community-dwelling elderly individuals. This was a prospective cohort study (n = 619) among adults aged 60 years and older. Falls were ascertained at a 1-year follow-up appointment. Sociodemographic information, medical history, and physical performance data were collected. The mean age was 67.4 years; 57.7% were women. Female sex (odds ratios [ORs] 1.82; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.17-2.82), diabetes (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.13-3.98), a Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) ≥10.49 seconds (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.23-1.94), a history of falls (OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.72-5.79), and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS] ≥11, OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.36-4.63) were the strongest predictors. These predictors were used to establish a risk score. The area under the curve of the score was 0.748. From a clinical point of view, the most appropriate cutoff value was 7 (97.5% specificity, 70.7% positive predictive value, and 83.6% negative predictive value). For this cutoff, the fraction correctly classified was 82.5%. A cutoff score of 7 derived from a risk assessment tool using four risk factors (gender, falls history, diabetes, and depression) and the TUGT may be used in Chinese community-dwelling elderly individuals as an initial step to screen those at low risk for falls.
To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of acupuncture and lornoxicam in acute renal colic (ARC). Design, Setting, Participant: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled, singlecentered trial was conducted at Susong County People's Hospital from October 2019 to November 2020. Eighty-four patients with ARC were randomly divided into lornoxicam group (Group L) and acupuncture group (Group A). Group A was treated with acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6), Yinlingquan (SP9) and normal saline, and Group L was treated with sham acupuncture at SP6, SP9 and lornoxicam. Main Outcome Measures: Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and adverse reactions such as nausea and dizziness were recorded within 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 minutes after treatment. The main outcome of this study was the short-term effective (STE) rate, the secondary outcome was the onset time, and the safety index was incidence of adverse reactions. Results: A total of 80 patients completed this study, including 41 patients (21 males and 20 females) in Group L and 39 patients (21 males and 18 females) in Group A. Group A exhibited lower scores versus group L after treatment (P < 0.05). The overall STE of group L was 61.00% (25/41), significantly lower than group A [84.62% (33/39)] (P < 0.001). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between group A [2.6% (1/39)] and group L [7.3% (3/41)] (P = 0.616). The ordered logistic regression analysis showed patients receiving acupuncture therapy are more likely to be cured [OR = 2.887, 95% CI: (1.190,7.000), P = 0.019]. Conclusion: Acupuncture at SP6, SP9 and intramuscular injection of lornoxicam can effectively and safely relieve ARC, but the former has faster and better analgesic effect. Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions was similar between the two treatments. This acupuncture therapy is recommended as a complementary therapy for ARC.
Objective To explore changes in the gut microbiota (GM), urine metabolome and plasma proteome in individuals with allergies using multiomics analyses, and identify the key components and mechanism. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. All subjects were recruited to collect fecal, urine and blood samples. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the structure and function of the GM, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to quantify metabolites in the urine, and data-independent acquisition quantitative proteome analysis was used to detect proteins in the plasma. Differences in GM, urine metabolites and plasma proteins between allergic and healthy individuals were displayed using principal component analysis (PCoA) and heatmap, and the co-occurrence network was visualized in Cytoscape using Spearman correlation among differential predominant genera, metabolites and proteins. The functional analysis was performed according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) dataset. The allergy-related cytokines, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13, were measured to evaluate the effect of indole derivatives on LPS-induced macrophage activation. Results GM α indexes, β distances and the relative abundance of the core differential genera in the allergic group were different from those of healthy individuals, which resulted in a separate distribution in the PCoA and enterotypes. Similarly, the concentrations of 393 metabolites and 144 proteins were different between allergic and healthy individuals. Then, 634 significant correlations were identified among 6 predominant differential genera, 24 differential metabolites and 104 differential proteins, 301 of which were negative and 333 of which were positive. Notably, a core network centered on tryptophan metabolites, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), displayed high consistency with the results of KEGG pathway analysis. In the LPS-stimulated macrophages, IBA reduced the expression of IL-4 and IL-6, and ILA inhibited the upregulation of IL-6. Conclusion The GM, urine metabolome and plasma proteome underwent systematic change in allergic individuals compared to healthy individuals, among which indole derivatives from tryptophan metabolism might play key roles in the progression of allergies and could serve as therapeutic targets of allergy.
Background SAPHO syndrome is a rare disease characterized by inflammatory lesions on skin and bones. Diversified manifestation and inadequate understanding of etiology has limited its diagnosis and treatment. The co-occurrence of other immune-mediated diseases strongly suggests an involvement of autoimmunity in SAPHO syndrome. However, the role of the largest population of circulating immune cells, neutrophils, is still not well explored. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing to profile the mRNA expression of neutrophils purified from peripheral blood of SAPHO patients to identify key genes associated with SAPHO syndrome, trying to find new functional molecules or biomarkers for this rare disease. Results A total of 442 differentially expressed genes were identified ( p < 0.05, fold change > 2), in which 294 genes were upregulated and 148 genes were downregulated. Five differentially expressed genes of interest were verified by quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), among which S100A12 was upregulated and positively related to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), while the downregulated gene MYADM was positively related to osteocalcin. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in “systemic lupus erythematosus” and “ECM-receptor interaction”. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment showed that differentially expressed genes may participate in biological processes such as “cell migration” and “cell adhesion”. Conclusions In conclusion, this study provides a first insight into transcriptome characteristics of SAPHO syndrome, indicating an over-active neutrophil recruitment in patients and possibly suggesting molecular candidates for further study on diagnosis and pathology of this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-019-1169-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Nuclear receptors (NRs), a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, are critical in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and numerous biological events. NRs have been reported to play important roles in hepatomegaly (liver enlargement) and liver regeneration by regulating target genes or interacting with other signals. In this review, the roles and involved molecular mechanisms of NRs in hepatomegaly and liver regeneration are summarized and the future perspectives of NRs in the treatment of liver diseases are discussed.
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