The two‐dimensional (2D) vanadium carbide (V2C) MXene has shown great potential as a photothermal agent (PTA) for photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the use of V2C in PTT is limited by the harsh synthesis condition and low photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE). Herein, we report a completely different green delamination method using algae extraction to intercalate and delaminate V2AlC to produce mass V2C nanosheets (NSs) with a high yield (90 %). The resulting V2C NSs demonstrated good structural integrity and remarkably high absorption in near infrared (NIR) region with a PTCE as high as 48 %. Systemic in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the V2C NSs can serve as efficient PTA for photoacoustic (PA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided PTT of cancer. This work provides a cost‐effective, environment‐friendly, and high‐yielding disassembly approach of MAX, opening a new avenue to develop MXenes with desirable properties for a myriad of applications.

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In a restructured power market, the independent system operator (ISO) executes the security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) program to plan a secure and economical hourly generation schedule for the day-ahead market. This paper introduces an efficient SCUC approach with ac constraints that obtains the minimum system operating cost while maintaining the security of power systems. The proposed approach applies the Benders decomposition for separating the unit commitment (UC) in the master problem from the network security check in subproblems. The master problem applies the augmented Lagrangian relaxation (LR) method and dynamic programming (DP) to solve UC. The subproblem checks ac network security constraints for the UC solution to determine whether a converged and secure ac power flow can be obtained. If any network violations arise, corresponding Benders cuts will be formed and added to the master problem for solving the next iteration of UC. The iterative process will continue until ac violations are eliminated and a converged optimal solution is found. In this paper, a six-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system with 54 units are analyzed to exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Vanadium (V) as minor concentration is present in various plants and extensively found in soils. The current study was established to assess the response of rice seedlings to different V concentrations and also investigated its toxic effect on growth, photosynthetic assimilation, relative chlorophyll content, SPAD index, ion leakage, enzyme activities, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), and cell death. The rice seeds were sown in Petri dishes for 8 days, and after that, rice seedlings were grown hydroponically in a climate-controlled growth chamber. After 15 days of V-treatment, antioxidant enzyme activities, H 2 O 2 , protein contents, photosynthetic assimilation, relative chlorophyll content, and cell death were determined by utilizing the Spectrophotometer (Lambda 25 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer), and V accumulation (roots and shoots) was determined by GFAAS (GTA 120). The obtained results showed that all V concentrations significantly decreased the biomass (dry and fresh) and root growth as a result of the reduction in total root length, root tips, root fork, root surface area, and root crossing, and V was more accumulated in roots than shoots. Besides this, enzymatic activities were significantly enhanced under V stress. The findings also confirmed that seedling exposed to V stress had lower tolerance indices, photosynthetic activity, and protein contents while the ion leakage was consistently increased by increasing the V concentrations. The viability of plant cells severely damaged in response to high V stress, and H 2 O 2 induction might be responsible for cell death. Generally, all V doses had a drastic effect on enzyme activities and caused cell death of rice plans. Moreover, the current study demonstrated that V ≥ 35 mg L −1 caused damaging effects on rice plants.