For
practical applications of carbon dots (CDs), a major challenge
is to prevent the notorious aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect.
Herein, a new type of CDs (CD1) has been developed that can transform
from ACQ to an enhancement of fluorescence by aggregation-induced
emission (AIE). The blue fluorescence of the CDs is suppressed by
ACQ. However, this is accompanied by the phenomenon of AIE at a longer
wavelength, resulting in the emergence and gradual enhancement of
yellow fluorescence. The obtained CD1 solid powder shows a bright
yellow emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 65%.
The photoluminescence (PL) spectra, absorption spectra, and time-resolved
PL decay curves indicate that Förster resonant energy transfer
from dispersed CD1 particles to large CD1 agglomerations leads to
the enhancement of yellow fluorescence. To exploit its high PLQY and
strong AIE, CD1 is applied as a color-converting layer on blue light-emitting
diode (LED) chips to fabricate white LEDs (WLEDs). The obtained devices
show white light coordinates of (0.29, 0.38) and (0.32, 0.42), which
are close to pure white light (0.33, 0.33), and luminous efficiencies
of 97.8 and 93.9 lm·W–1 and show good stability.
The low cost, easy fabrication, controllability, and favorable fluorescence
properties signify that CD1 of AIE will have superior performance
in a variety of applications.
Carbon dots (CDs) that exhibit emission over the whole
visible
spectrum are desired for use in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Here,
CDs displaying tunable fluorescence over the whole visible region
are synthesized. Different concentrations of CDs are uniformly dispersed
in epoxy resin and coated on 405 nm LED chips to obtain monochrome
blue, cyan, green, yellow, red, and deep red LEDs that yield a color
gamut covering 99.4% of the National Television Standards Committee
(NTSC) standard. These monochrome LEDs display similar high stability.
Furthermore, warm and neutral white LEDs are produced by coating cyan-
and red-emitting CD layers on 405 nm LED chips, achieving color-rendering
indexes (CRIs) of 96.4 and 96.6, respectively. Two fluorescent conversion
layers derived from one material at different concentrations simplify
the preparation of high-CRI white LEDs. The uniform weak changes of
the cyan and red photoluminescence peaks during operation ensure the
high stability of these CD-based white LEDs. This research provides
a new avenue to develop low-cost, easy-to-prepare CDs with tunable
emission colors as alternative phosphors for LED-based high-performance
displays and lighting.
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