To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of PSDQ (Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, PSDQ). Method: 443 parents of children aged 6 to 16 who lived in Chongqing were selected. .52 of them were retested 6 weeks later in order to assess the retest reliability. Determination of reliability included: internal consistency: to calculate Cronbach coefficient; coefficient of retest reliability: to calculate person correlation of results in every subscale in twice measurements of 52 parents. Determination of validity: content validity, structural validity, confirmatory factor analysis. Results: For each subscale and factor, the values of kappa for inter-rater reliability were between .625 and .884 (p < .05); the values of retest reliability were between .537 and .832 (p < .05); The scores of the subscale of PSDQ were correlated with each factor significantly (coefficient of correlation: .732-.951, p < .05), and the correlation coefficient was more than those between each factor of this subscale (correlation coefficient: .382-.834, p < .05). The confirmatory factor analysis of PSDQ showed the result met the criteria standard for adequacy of fit. (CMIN/df: 2.218-3.745; TLI: .808-.920; RMSEA: .052-.079; MECVI of default model was very close to that of saturated model, most of proliferation index were more than .8). Conclusion: Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), in line with requirements of psychometric, had good reliability and validity and was useful as a tool to evaluate the parenting styles for parents.
PurposeBased on conservation of resources theory, this study explored the relationship between multitasking and creative work involvement through the mediation of emotional exhaustion, taking regulatory focus as a first-stage moderator.Design/methodology/approachBased on a three-wave and two-source survey among a sample of 418 employees and 116 leaders, this study conducted multilevel analyses to examine the conceptual model.FindingsThe results showed that multitasking was negatively associated with creative work involvement and that emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between multitasking and creative work involvement. Furthermore, promotion focus and prevention focus moderated the relationship between multitasking and emotional exhaustion and the indirect relationship between multitasking and creative work involvement via emotional exhaustion.Practical implicationsOrganizations can promote creative work involvement through interventions that reduce employees' multitasking or emotional exhaustion. In addition, supervisors should be aware of the different responses to multitasking exhibited by employees with different regulatory focuses and could potentially assign multiple tasks to employees with either a high promotion focus or a low prevention focus.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on multitasking and creative work involvement by exploring whether and how multitasking is related to creative work involvement.
Objective: To analyze the impact of family environment on only-children's personality. Methods: Using cross-sectional design to recruit onlychildren aged 6-16 years old; using EPQ to evaluate the children's personality. The general questionnaire, PSDQ (Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire), FAD-GFS (The General Functioning Scale of MacMaster family activity device), SLE (Stressful Life Events), FSQ (Family Stresses Questionnaire), FLQ (Family Life Questionnaire), EFQ (Everyday Feelings Questionnaire) were used to collect information about family environment from parents. Results: In only-child family, standardized regression equations of family environment influence on children personality include: 1) EPQ-p = 0.087 × SLE + 0.207 × father autocratic parenting + 0.131 × education of father + 0.110 × family type − 0.110 × role of discipline − 0.080 × parental attitude + 0.087 × family adaptability; 2) EPQ-e = 0.105 × EFQ − 0.088 × SLE − 0.101 × family income; 3) EPQ-n = 0.143 × SLE − 0.090 × family cohesion + 0.089 × family income + 0.117 × the orderly's attitude − 0.138 × the child's role experience of FLQ − 0.101 × parents shaping the behavior of children of FLQ and 4) EPQ − l = −0.136× SLE − 0.093 × relationship between parents − 0.155 × attitude of the old. Conclusion: It is important for children to develop personality normally if the father doesn't choose autocratic parent style. Children tend to be optimistic if the parent can feel happy. The stressful life events are a double-blade sword depending on the parent's handling. The difference of the parenting style can influence the lie-personality of children
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